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World Religions > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

What is Religion & Indigenous N America

1
Q

What is Religion

A

A system of belief that involves worship of a god or gods, prayer, ritual and moral code

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2
Q

What are miracles

A

accounts of supernatural occurrences

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3
Q

Miracles in traditional views

A

No debate as to whether a miracle happened but whether it is good or evil

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4
Q

Miracles in modern views

A

Miracles are direct violation of the laws of science and nature

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5
Q

Context in Religion

A

Changes overtime, directly interpreting 1,000 year old text would cause confusion

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6
Q

What are the 3 main questions of Religion

A

Metaphysics, What is the ultimate reality. Ethics, how should we live in this world. Existential, What is our purpose.

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7
Q

What are the core elements of religion

A

Belief system, community, central myths, ritual, ethics, emotional experience, material expression, sacredness.

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8
Q

Core element, Belief System

A

a systematic worldview or paradigm encapsulating metaphysics, ethics and existential questions.

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9
Q

Core Element, Community

A

Religious beliefs are shared and lived

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10
Q

Core Element, Central Myths

A

Core stories told to reinforce core beliefs

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11
Q

Core Element, Ritual

A

Beliefs confirmed through ceremony

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12
Q

Core Element, Ethics

A

Rules governing behavior

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13
Q

Core Element, Emotional Behavior

A

Faith, spirituality and the Numinous

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14
Q

Core Element, Material Expression

A

Art and architecture

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15
Q

Core Element, Sacredness

A

Duality of the universe (sacred vs profane)

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16
Q

What are the 4 Immortality Myths

A
  1. Staying Alive 2. Resurrection 3. Soul Myth 4. Legacy Myth
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17
Q

What is the Staying Alive Myth

A

Legends or stories about individuals who have conquered aging or death

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18
Q

What is the Resurrection Myth

A

Immortality in new spiritual bodies. Modern science promotes this myth with the promise of cryonics and genomic therapies like cloning.

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19
Q

What is the Soul Myth

A

Concept of the duality of human beings. Humans are matter in physical bodies and the soul an immaterial immortal concept.

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20
Q

What is a Legacy Myth

A

Immortality is found through living a good live and leaving a legacy like children or fame.

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21
Q

What are the Patterns Among Religion

A
  1. Sacramental Orientation 2. Prophetic Orientation 3. Mystical Orientation
22
Q

What is Sacramental Orientation

A

Ritual/Ceremony done as a path to salvation or immortality

23
Q

What is Prophetic Orientation

A

Importance of humans as intermediaries between believers & god/gods. Example, Muhhamed, Moses

24
Q

What is Mystical Orientation

A

Seeks union with the oneness of reality. Example, vision quest, meditation and speaking tongues.

25
Q

Define Theism

A

Belief in a personal god/gods

26
Q

Define Monotheism

A

Belief in one personal god

27
Q

What is Deism

A

Belief in a non personal god “Watch-maker god”

28
Q

What is Pantheism

A

Belief in divine immanence (god or gods in all things)

29
Q

What is Panentheism

A

Belief that Gods nature is both fixed and changing through time

30
Q

What is Polytheism

A

Belief in multiple coexisting gods

31
Q

What is Atheism

A

Denial of the sacred & supernatural

32
Q

What is Agnosticism

A

Suspending judgment regarding the supernatural

33
Q

What is Sigmund Freuds argument?

A

Religion originated out of a natural neurosis. Uncertainty about the world lead humans to project an all powerful deity i.e. a cosmic father

34
Q

What is William James argument?

A

Religion developed out of a necessary rational need to explain what science and logic could not

35
Q

What is Carl Jungs argument?

A

Religion developed out of an attempt at individuation: that religion provides us place in the universe & prepares us for death.

36
Q

How did Rudolf Otto describe religion?

A

Religion provides us moments of emotional, non rational experiences of true reality and the divine.

37
Q

How did Paul Tillich describe religion?

A

Claimed that religion developed to allow humans to overcome the 3 universal anxieties.

38
Q

What is the Ontic Anxiety?

A

Fear or concern of death

39
Q

What is the Existential Anxiety?

A

What is the ultimate meaning of life?

40
Q

What is the Ethical Anxiety?

A

Guilt anxiety of our actions/

41
Q

What is Hagiography?

A

Greek for “Saint Writing” Most religions involve written attempts to inspire devotion rather than objective history

42
Q

What is Structuralism?

A

Approach that looks for universal themes in all religions

43
Q

What is Post Structuralism?

A

Approach that looks for individual & cultural variances instead of universal

44
Q

What is Holism?

A

Concept that all life has religious meaning; no split between the sacred and profane and that everything is interconnected.

45
Q

What is Scared Time & Space

A

Distinction between lived time (present time) & sacred time (cyclical time)

46
Q

Define Cosmologies

A

focus on particular geographic locations

47
Q

What are Life Cycle Ceremonies

A

rituals performed to recognize various stages of life

48
Q

What are Taboos?

A

Rule that forbids certain behaviors. They regulate social behaviors.

49
Q

What is Shamanism

A

an intermediary between the sacred and profane

50
Q

What are examples of indigenous syncretism in Western Civilization

A
  1. Halloween 2. Christmas 3. Easter 4. Valentines Day
51
Q

What is Pendulum Thinking

A

Beliefs are either “primitive” or “superior”

52
Q

Label 3 problems with N American indigenous religions

A

Syncretism, Pendulum Thinkiing, Fragmentary Knowledge.

World Religions (4 decks)

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