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Biology 241 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Heartburn is most often felt in the ____.

A

epigastric region

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2
Q

A transverse plane ____.

A

divides the body into superior and inferior parts

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3
Q

The plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts is called the ____.

A

frontal plane

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4
Q

Determines the set point and appropriate response in a negative feedback system.

A

control center

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5
Q

Provides the means to respond to the stimulus in a negative feedback system.

A

effector

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6
Q

Cervical refers to the ____.

A

neck

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7
Q

Pedal refers to the ____.

A

foot

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8
Q

Homeostatic imbalance has occurred when a person ____.

A

becomes ill

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9
Q

The ____ cavity contains the bladder and rectum.

A

pelvic

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10
Q

Which internal organ is NOT housed in the ventral body cavity?

A

spinal cord

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11
Q

The abdominal regions that are lateral to the hypogastric region.

A

iliac

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12
Q

Listening to heart and breathing sounds with a stethoscope is ____.

A

auscultation

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13
Q

Lungs are located in the ____ cavities

A

pleural, ventral, and thoracic

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14
Q

Given these levels of organization: a) cell, b) chemical, c) organelle, d) organ, e) tissue. Choose the arrangement that lists the levels of organization in the correct order from smallest to largest.

A

b, c, a, e, d

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15
Q

____ is considered the “father of physiology.” He was the first to propose that all parts of the body are served by a vein, artery, and nerve.

A

Erasistratus

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16
Q

Pollex is _____ to carpal.

A

distal

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17
Q

The term _____ refers to the arm.

A

brachial

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18
Q

Internal body temperature averages 37 C but fluctuates from 36.5 to 37.5 C. A body temperature of 37 C can therefore be considered the ____ for this variable.

A

set point

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19
Q

The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except _____.

A

palms turned posteriorly

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20
Q

Which of the following imaging devices would best identify blockages in arteries that supply the brain or heart wall?

A

DSA

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21
Q

____ is considered the “father of medicine.” Central to his treatment of patients was the idea of a normal equilibrium state (e.g., illness was due to an imbalance of four humors).

A

Hippocrates

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22
Q

____ means studying anatomy by touch.

A

Palpation

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23
Q

The medial body region overlying part of the stomach is called _____.

A

epigastric

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24
Q

Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person’s brain?

A

MRI

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25
Q

Your left eye is _____ to your left ear.

A

medial

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26
Q

____ is a chemical reaction that breaks bonds between the monomers in a polymer (e.g., polysaccharide), and this process ____ water.

A

Hydrolysis … utilizes

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27
Q

Which of the following lipids in your diet are thought to decrease the risk of heart disease?

A

omega-3 fatty acids

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28
Q

Human blood has a pH of about ___ and this is slightly ____.

A

7.4 … basic

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29
Q

Prostaglandins are ____.

A

lipids

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30
Q

Which of the following molecules’ major function is to provide a ready, easily used source of cellular fuel?

A

carbohydrates

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31
Q

The single most abundant protein in the body is ____.

A

collagen

32
Q

Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of ____.

A

glycogen

33
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of proteins?

A

They are the molecular carriers of coded hereditary information.

34
Q

A “chain” of 25 amino acids is best referred to as a relatively ____.

A

small polypeptide

35
Q

Strands of RNA are made from ____ (units), and they are produced via the ____ of a water molecule between each two units.

A

nucleotides … “removal”

36
Q

The coiling of the protein chain backbone into an alpha helix is referred to as the ____ structure.

A

secondary

37
Q

Glycogen is a _____ composed of ____.

A

polysaccharide … glucose

38
Q

The genetic information is coded in DNA by the ____.

A

sequence of the nucleotides

39
Q

The four elements that make up about 96% of body matter are ____.

A

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

40
Q

The _____ structure of a protein is the sequence of ____.

A

primary … amino acids

41
Q

Which statement about enzymes is false?

A

Enzymes raise the activation energy needed to start a reaction.

42
Q

A phospholipid is usually ____.

A

partially hydrophilic and partially hydrophobic

43
Q

Sucrose is a ____.

A

disaccharide

44
Q

An example of a protein that functions in transport is ____.

A

hemoglobin

45
Q

Triglycerides and steroids are ____.

A

hydrophobic

46
Q

Which of the following is NOT part of cell theory?

A

all cells have a nucleus

47
Q

_____ are polymers composed of _____.

A

Proteins - amino acids

48
Q

A chemical has an amine group and an organic acid group. It does not, however, have any peptide bonds. It is a(n) ____.

A

amino acid

49
Q

Due to their high structural variability, ____ have more diversity of functions that other organic molecules.

A

proteins

50
Q

Fats are ____.

A

insoluble, energy-storage molecules

51
Q

Once solid material is phagocytized and taken into a vacuole, which of the following statements best describes what happens?

A

A lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed solid material.

52
Q

Which of the following statements is most correct regarding the intracellular chemical signals known as “second messengers?”

A

Cyclic AMP and calcium are second messengers.

53
Q

Which of the following correctly lists the relative abundance of membrane lipids from the most abundant to the least abundant?

A

phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids

54
Q

In osmosis, net movement of water occurs toward the solution with the lower solute concentration.

A

False

55
Q

Which of the following is a principle of the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure?

A

Phospholipids form a bilayer that is largely impermeable to water-soluble molecules.

56
Q

Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein?

A

molecular transport through the membrane

57
Q

Cell junctions that promote the coordinated activity of cells by physically binding them together into a cell community include all of the following except ________.

A

microvilli

58
Q

Peroxisomes ____.

A

are able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action

59
Q

Which structures are fingerlike projections that greatly increase the absorbing surface of cells?

A

microvilli

60
Q

The ____ is a coating of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the surface of a cell that can be involved in cell recognition.

A

glycocalyx

61
Q

A red blood cell placed in pure water would ____.

A

swell and burst

62
Q

Which of the following statements is correct regarding diffusion?

A

The greater the concentration gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion.

63
Q

Which of the following correctly matches a cell structure with its function?

A

Nucleoli … Dense spherical bodies in the nucleus that are the synthesis site for ribosomal RNA.

64
Q

The function of rough endoplasmic reticulum is ____.

A

protein production

65
Q

Which of the following correctly matches the term with its definition?

A

Cholesterol … Plasma membrane lipid that improves the rigidity of the plasma membrane and increases the membrane’s impermeability to water.

66
Q

Which of the following correctly matches the term with its definition?

A

Osmosis … The movement of water across a selectively permeable plasma membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

67
Q

Which of the following correctly matches the substance(s) with the method that would move it into a cell?

A

Large particles, bacteria, or cellular debris … Phagocytosis

68
Q

Which of the following structures is correctly matched with its function?

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum … Lipid synthesis

69
Q

The active transport of sodium ions across the cell membrane which then provides a diffusion gradient for the transport of glucose, is an example of ____.

A

secondary active transport

70
Q

Most of the molecules in the cell membrane that serve as receptors, gates, and carriers are ____.

A

proteins

71
Q

____ readily pass through cell membranes without assistance from transport molecules.

A

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and steroids

72
Q

If the extracellular fluid (e.g., plasma) is more highly concentrated than the intracellular fluid (e.g., inside red blood cells), then we say the extracellular fluid is ____.

A

hypertonic

73
Q

The sodium-potassium exchange pump is a carrier molecule that uses ATP to move these ions against their concentration gradients. This is an example of ____.

A

active transport

74
Q

Microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate fibers are components of the ____.

A

cytoskeleton

75
Q

The _____ receives, modifies, and stores molecules made by the endoplasmic reticulum and thus serves as a “sorting station” in the cell.

A

golgi complex

Biology 241 (3 decks)

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