Exam 1 Flashcards by Amy Blakney

Heartburn is most often felt in the ____.

epigastric region

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A transverse plane ____.

divides the body into superior and inferior parts

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The plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts is called the ____.

frontal plane

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Determines the set point and appropriate response in a negative feedback system.

control center

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Provides the means to respond to the stimulus in a negative feedback system.

effector

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Cervical refers to the ____.

neck

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Pedal refers to the ____.

foot

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Homeostatic imbalance has occurred when a person ____.

becomes ill

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The ____ cavity contains the bladder and rectum.

pelvic

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Which internal organ is NOT housed in the ventral body cavity?

spinal cord

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The abdominal regions that are lateral to the hypogastric region.

iliac

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Listening to heart and breathing sounds with a stethoscope is ____.

auscultation

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Lungs are located in the ____ cavities

pleural, ventral, and thoracic

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Given these levels of organization: a) cell, b) chemical, c) organelle, d) organ, e) tissue. Choose the arrangement that lists the levels of organization in the correct order from smallest to largest.

b, c, a, e, d

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____ is considered the “father of physiology.” He was the first to propose that all parts of the body are served by a vein, artery, and nerve.

Erasistratus

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Pollex is _____ to carpal.

distal

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The term _____ refers to the arm.

brachial

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Internal body temperature averages 37 C but fluctuates from 36.5 to 37.5 C. A body temperature of 37 C can therefore be considered the ____ for this variable.

set point

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The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except _____.

palms turned posteriorly

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Which of the following imaging devices would best identify blockages in arteries that supply the brain or heart wall?

DSA

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____ is considered the “father of medicine.” Central to his treatment of patients was the idea of a normal equilibrium state (e.g., illness was due to an imbalance of four humors).

Hippocrates

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____ means studying anatomy by touch.

Palpation

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The medial body region overlying part of the stomach is called _____.

epigastric

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Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person’s brain?

MRI

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Your left eye is _____ to your left ear.

medial

____ is a chemical reaction that breaks bonds between the monomers in a polymer (e.g., polysaccharide), and this process ____ water.

Hydrolysis ... utilizes

Which of the following lipids in your diet are thought to decrease the risk of heart disease?

omega-3 fatty acids

Human blood has a pH of about ___ and this is slightly ____.

7.4 ... basic

Prostaglandins are ____.

lipids

Which of the following molecules' major function is to provide a ready, easily used source of cellular fuel?

carbohydrates

The single most abundant protein in the body is ____.

collagen

Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of ____.

glycogen

Which of the following is NOT true of proteins?

They are the molecular carriers of coded hereditary information.

A "chain" of 25 amino acids is best referred to as a relatively ____.

small polypeptide

Strands of RNA are made from ____ (units), and they are produced via the ____ of a water molecule between each two units.

nucleotides ... "removal"

The coiling of the protein chain backbone into an alpha helix is referred to as the ____ structure.

secondary

Glycogen is a _____ composed of ____.

polysaccharide ... glucose

The genetic information is coded in DNA by the ____.

sequence of the nucleotides

The four elements that make up about 96% of body matter are ____.

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

The _____ structure of a protein is the sequence of ____.

primary ... amino acids

Which statement about enzymes is false?

Enzymes raise the activation energy needed to start a reaction.

A phospholipid is usually ____.

partially hydrophilic and partially hydrophobic

Sucrose is a ____.

disaccharide

An example of a protein that functions in transport is ____.

hemoglobin

Triglycerides and steroids are ____.

hydrophobic

Which of the following is NOT part of cell theory?

all cells have a nucleus

_____ are polymers composed of _____.

Proteins - amino acids

A chemical has an amine group and an organic acid group. It does not, however, have any peptide bonds. It is a(n) ____.

amino acid

Due to their high structural variability, ____ have more diversity of functions that other organic molecules.

proteins

Fats are ____.

insoluble, energy-storage molecules

Once solid material is phagocytized and taken into a vacuole, which of the following statements best describes what happens?

A lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed solid material.

Which of the following statements is most correct regarding the intracellular chemical signals known as "second messengers?"

Cyclic AMP and calcium are second messengers.

Which of the following correctly lists the relative abundance of membrane lipids from the most abundant to the least abundant?

phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids

In osmosis, net movement of water occurs toward the solution with the lower solute concentration.

False

Which of the following is a principle of the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure?

Phospholipids form a bilayer that is largely impermeable to water-soluble molecules.

Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein?

molecular transport through the membrane

Cell junctions that promote the coordinated activity of cells by physically binding them together into a cell community include all of the following except ________.

microvilli

Peroxisomes ____.

are able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action

Which structures are fingerlike projections that greatly increase the absorbing surface of cells?

microvilli

The ____ is a coating of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the surface of a cell that can be involved in cell recognition.

glycocalyx

A red blood cell placed in pure water would ____.

swell and burst

Which of the following statements is correct regarding diffusion?

The greater the concentration gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion.

Which of the following correctly matches a cell structure with its function?

Nucleoli ... Dense spherical bodies in the nucleus that are the synthesis site for ribosomal RNA.

The function of rough endoplasmic reticulum is ____.

protein production

Which of the following correctly matches the term with its definition?

Cholesterol ... Plasma membrane lipid that improves the rigidity of the plasma membrane and increases the membrane's impermeability to water.

Which of the following correctly matches the term with its definition?

Osmosis ... The movement of water across a selectively permeable plasma membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

Which of the following correctly matches the substance(s) with the method that would move it into a cell?

Large particles, bacteria, or cellular debris ... Phagocytosis

Which of the following structures is correctly matched with its function?

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ... Lipid synthesis

The active transport of sodium ions across the cell membrane which then provides a diffusion gradient for the transport of glucose, is an example of ____.

secondary active transport

Most of the molecules in the cell membrane that serve as receptors, gates, and carriers are ____.

proteins

____ readily pass through cell membranes without assistance from transport molecules.

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and steroids

If the extracellular fluid (e.g., plasma) is more highly concentrated than the intracellular fluid (e.g., inside red blood cells), then we say the extracellular fluid is ____.

hypertonic

The sodium-potassium exchange pump is a carrier molecule that uses ATP to move these ions against their concentration gradients. This is an example of ____.

active transport

Microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate fibers are components of the ____.

cytoskeleton

The _____ receives, modifies, and stores molecules made by the endoplasmic reticulum and thus serves as a "sorting station" in the cell.

golgi complex