Exam 1 Flashcards
for any disease state
the patient must be stable before performing OMT
-OMT not performed with new onset of chest pain or SOB
facilitated segments only occur where?
sympathetic levels
treatment for temporal arteritis
steroids
muscle hypertonicity can be caused by what
caused by something overlying the muscle
ex. renal lithiasis or appendicitis –> hypertonic psoas –> + thomas test
ex. inflamed lymph nodes –> would make muscle they are touching hypertonic (sternocleidomastoid)
what is the 1st thing you do in a physical exam?
observation
-obtain history before physical exam
reversible dextro or levoscoliosis
- NO sagittal component –> follows fryett I principles (neutral)
- dextro –> convex points right, side bends, rotated right
- levo –> convex points left, right side bending, rotated left
left lateral convexity
vertebrae side bent right
right lateral convexity
vertebrae side bent left
when treating a group dysfunction with OMT
go for the apex (middle) of the curve
-ex. dysfunction of T10-T12, go for T11
type 2 dysfunction usually occurs where
at the apex (middle) of the group curve
translation to the right
left side bending
translation to the left
right side bending
principle 1 of osteopathic medicine
-body is a unit –> ex. gastric ulcer causes thoracic tissue texture changes
principle 2 of osteopathic medicine
-body is capable of self regulation, healing, maintenance –> ex. healed fracture
somatosomatic reflex
-ex. rib dysfunction from an innominate dysfunction
somatovisceral reflex
-ex. triggering asthma attack when working on thoracic spine
viscerosomatic reflex
-ex. gallbladder disease affecting musculature
viscerovisceral reflex
-ex. MI causing vomiting
post ganglionic sympathetic fibers
lead to tissue texture changes like hypertonicity, erythema, moisture
dorsal horn of the spinal cord
where somatic and visceral afferents synapse giving viscerosomatic reflex
counterstrain steps of treatment
- continuous monitoring
- hold for 90 seconds
- return patient to neutral slowly
chapman reflex points also called what?
ganglioform nodules or tissue
chapman - sinuses
- anterior –> upper edge of 2nd rib
- posterior –> C2
chapman - pharynx
- anterior –> 1st ribs beneath the clavicle
- posterior –> C2
chapman - larynx
- anterior –> 2nd ribs lateral to sternocostal junction
- posterior –> C2
chapman - tonsils
- anterior –> b/w 1st and 2nd ribs next to sternum
- posterior –> midway b/w spinous process (post. tubercle) and transverse process
chapman - middle ear
- anterior –> superior/anterior aspect of clavicles
- posterior –> TPs of C1
chapman - eye (retina/conjuctiva)
- anterior –> anterior aspect of humerus at surgical neck
- posterior –> occipital bone below superior nuchal line
what are the parasympathetic cranial nerves?
CN 3,7,9,10
CN 3 oculomotor nerve ganglion
celiary ganglion
CN 9 glossopharyngeal nerve ganglion
otic ganglion –> exits through jugular foramen
CN 7 facial nerve ganglion
- pterygopalatine ganglion –> exit through stylomastoid foramen
- submandibular ganglion
CN 5 trigeminal nerve ganglion
all 4 of the previous ganglion discussed
what can cause dry mouth (xerostomia)
- CN7 –> lacrimal, sublingual, submandibular glands
2. CN9 –> parotid glands
what do you do before any lymphatic treatment?
clear/treat/open the thoracic inlet/outlet
-found in supraclavicular space and on 1st rib
venous drainage of the head
- via internal jugular veins
- pass through jugular foramina along occipitomastoid suture b/w occipital and temporal bones –> altered motion or compression may impair flow through foramina leading to head congestion
myofascial release to pterygoid fascia
used to treat maxillary sinusitis by stimulating parasympathetic supply to nasal mucosa (CN7)
Galbreath technique
- mandibular drainage
- used to treat otitis media, fluid in middle ear, and eustachian tube somatic dysfunction
- pulling traction on the mandible to decongest the fluid in the middle ear
CN 3,4,6 entrapment**
- pass under petrosphenoidal ligament (formed by tentorum cerebelli) and can get trapped** –> blurred vision, diplopia, nystagmus, headache
- CN6 (innervate lateral rectus) –> closest to dura and most likely affected –> medial strabismus
-DM, aneurysm, and SD most common cause of EOM
CN 1 impingement
Anosmia
Cribiform plate through ethmoid bone
CN 5 impingement
Trigeminal Neuralgia/Tic Deloureaux
May complain of sudden, severe facial, ear, and/or jaw pain
CN 7 impingement
Exits stylomastoid foramen
Bell’s Palsy
CN 8 impingement
Labyrinthitis, Tinnitus, Vertigo ** Temporal bone is associated with tinnitus, labrynthitis, vertigo
CN 10 impingement
Exits jugular foramen
Can cause Nausea/Vomiting
CN 12 impingement
Hypoglossal canal
Can cause nursing/latching problems in infants
tension headaches
Bilateral pressure
No aura, nausea
migraine headaches
Unilateral
Triggers
May have aura, nausea/vomiting, photophobia/phonophobia
cluster headaches
Unilateral
Severe
what refers pain lateral and behind the eye?
sternocleidomastoid muscle**
what refers pain to the vertex of the head?
splenius capitus**
one gait cycle
heel contact of one foot to heel contact again with the SAME foot
what compensates for lumbar curve?
tight iliopsoas CONTRALATERAL to short leg side
