Exam 1

Question 1

Who was the 1st Public Health Nurse. She developed Public Health Nursing.

Answer 1

Lillian Wald

Question 2

Who founded the American Nurses Association (ANA)?

Answer 2

Isabel Hampton Robb

Question 3

Who was appointed superintendent of the female nurses of the Army by the secretary of war in 1861.

Her tireless efforts led to the recruitment of more than 2,000 women to serve in the army during the Civil War.

She had the authority to organize hospitals, to appoint nurses, and to manage supplies for the wounded.

Answer 3

Dorothea Dix

Question 4

Who convinced congress to ratify the Treaty of Geneva?

The International Red Cross was the brainchild of a Swiss banker, who proposed the formation of a neutral international relief society. She was convinced that the United States desperately needed this through her work in the Civil War. I.e. she founded American Red Cross

Answer 4

Clara Barton

Question 5

Who founded the Frontier Nursing Service and advanced midwifery in the US?

Answer 5

Mary Breckenridge

Question 6

Deaconesses were female servants who performed nursing tasks during the middle ages. How were nursing roles primarily carried out by?

Answer 6

Nursing was influenced by Christianity.

Deaconesses cared for women
Deacons cared for men.

Nursing roles primarily carried out by religious orders.

Question 7

What terms describe personal characteristics (“good nurse”) of the female nurses who were recruited to enter the U.S. nurse training programs in 1873? (select all that apply)?

Answer 7

Based on the Victorian belief in the natural abilities of women to be sensitive, possess high morals, and be caregivers, early nursing training required that applicants be:

• female
• sensitivity
• high moral character
• purity of character
• subservience

**AND “ladylike” behavior became the associated traits of a “good nurse,” thus setting the “feminization of nursing” as the ideal standards for a good nurse.

The student nurses served as the primary nursing staff for these early hospitals.

Question 8

After the Civil War (1870’s), hospitals in the United States were staffed by these individuals?

Answer 8

Nursing Students. **These were the Victorian, “lady-like” nurses.

Question 9

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) report called, The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health (2011) specifically recommended which of the following changes?

Answer 9

Calls for interdisciplinary education

Decreased barriers to nurses scope of practice

Increase educational levels of nurses

Question 10

Which of the following defined safety to create a system where patients are assured safe, timely, effective, efficient, equitable, and patient-centered care?

Answer 10

(ANA) American Nursing Association

Question 11

The central concepts of nursing include which of the following?

Answer 11

“Please Enjoy Happy Nurses”

1. Person: receiving the nursing
2. Environment: within which the person exits
3. Health:-illness continuum within which the person falls at the time of the interaction with the nurse
4. Nursing: actions

Question 12

Question will be “Which of the following statements represents the philosophy of Realism?”

Likewise, define realism.

Answer 12

Realism:

The world is static
Seeing is believing
Reality is physical
Logical thinking superior

Question 13

The central concept in the Nevada State College School of Nursing Conceptual Framework is:
The statement, “Because Larry smoked, he did not deserve a lung transplant” is an example of this type of category of beliefs?

Answer 13

Evaluative beliefs: judgments– social drinking is immoral

Question 14

Who created the Environmental Theory (13 Canons) of nursing?

Answer 14

Florence Nightingale

Question 15

Who created the Systems Model is a nursing theory based on the individual’s relationship to stress, the reaction to it, and reconstitution factors that are dynamic in nature?

Answer 15

Betty Neuman

Question 16

Who created Science of Unitary Human Beings nursing theory?

Has to do with Homeodynamics: helicy, resonancy, and integrality.

Answer 16

Martha Rogers

Question 17

Who created The Self-Care Nursing Theory?

Has to do with: The wholly compensatory system, partially compensatory system, supportive-education system
&
Self-Care Deficits

Answer 17

Dorothea Orem

Question 18

Who created the Adaptive Model: Integrated, compensatory, compromised theory of nursing.

Has to do with: regulator, cognator, cognator-regulator and stabilizer-innovator; very sciencey

Answer 18

Callista Roy

Question 19

Who created the nursing theory about the philosophy and science of caring?

Has to do with: caritas

Answer 19

Jean Watson

Question 20

Who created the nursing theory about cultural diversity and universality?

Has to do with: cultrual care

Answer 20

Madeleine Leininger

Question 21

What are methods nurses will use for improving critical thinking skills? (Select all that apply)

Answer 21

a. Discussion with colleagues
b. Audible verbalization of thoughts
c. Literature review
d. Intentional application of knowledge
e. Concept maps
f. Simulation
g. Role playing
h. Written work

Question 22

Match the three parts of Orem’s General Theory of Nursing with the appropriate definition provided in the model:

The wholly compensatory system:
Partially compensatory system:
Supportive-educative system:

Answer 22

The wholly compensatory system: the patient is unable to perform any self-care activities and relies on the nurse to perform care

Partially compensatory system: both the patient and the nurse participate in the patient’s self-care activities, with the responsibility for care shifting from the nurse to the patient as the self-care demand changes

Supportive-educative system: The patient has the ability to self-care but requires assistance from the nurse in decision making, knowledge, or skill acquisition. The nurse’s role is to promote the patient as a self-care agent.

Question 23

What topics did the Joint Commission establish for the first set of National Patient Safety Goals? (Select all that apply)

Answer 23

a. Identify patients correctly
b. use medications safely
c. improve staff communication
d. use alarms safely
e. prevent infection
f. identify patient safety risks
g. prevent mistakes in surgery

Question 24

Which of the following events in healthcare would be considered a “sentinel event?”

Answer 24

Sentinel event (“Never” events): An unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury or the risk thereof

Examples: An unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury or the risk thereof

1. Unintended retention of a foreign object events
2. Fall-related events
3. Suicide events
4. Wrong patient, wrong site, wrong procedure events
5. Delay in treatment events
6. Criminal events (assault, rape, homicide)
7. Operation/post-operation complication events
8. Perinatal events (occurring during labour or shortly after birth where the midwife perceived the mother or her infant to be at risk, and they (the midwife) had experienced fear, helplessness or horror in response.)
9. Medication error events
10. Fire-related events

Question 25

What is the nursing process?

Today the student nurse assigned to a patient on a medical unit assessed the patient’s response to nursing interventions. The step of the nursing process being utilized is known as?

Answer 25

ADPIE
Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
**Evaluation** Reassess or evaluate to ensure the desired outcome has been met

Question 26

What is the nursing process?

Today the student nurse assigned to a patient on a medical unit assessed the patient’s response to nursing interventions. The step of the nursing process being utilized is known as?

Answer 26

ADPIE
Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
**Evaluation** Reassess or evaluate to ensure the desired outcome has been met

Question 27

What is the role of critical thinking in nursing practice?

Answer 27

a. The rapid rate of change and increasing complexity of health care and information technology make critical thinking essential in nursing.
b. Rote memorization and content recall is not sufficient for complex decisions and judgments nurses need to make.
c. Professional nursing requires a commitment to lifelong learning.

Question 28

Identify the four ways of knowing by Carper: (Select all that apply)

Answer 28

Empirical: knowledge from textbooks

Personal: awareness of your own feelings and emotions as well as the patient’s feeling and emotions

Aesthetic: artistic knowing that results in comfort, hope, and confidence for patients/families

Ethical: knowing and practicing in a manner that prevents harm and promotes good for patients

Question 29

T/F: Existential beliefs can be shown to be true or false and evaluative beliefs refer to what people should or should not do.

Answer 29

FALSE

Existential beliefs: can be true or false

Evaluative beliefs: judgements

Prescriptive beliefs: “refer to what people should or should not do.”

Question 30

Which components of nursing care help to establish a caring relationship between the nurse and the patient? Select all that apply.

Answer 30

a. Respecting confidentiality
b. Treating pain
c. Speaking in a soft and gentle voice
d. Being honest
e. Encouraging the patient to call if there was a problem

Question 31

Select the definitions of caring that apply to nurses and nursing. (select all that apply) REVIEW THIS

Answer 31

a. Leininger: cultural care (preserve, accommodate, or repattern health care practices)
i. Preserving or maintaining the patient’s cultural health practices
ii. Accommodating, adapting, or adjusting health care practices
iii. Repatterning or restructuring some cultural practices, as needed

b. Swanson: caring is a nurturing way of relating to a valued other (knowing, being with, doing for, enabling, maintaining belief)
c. Watson: caring is the moral ideal of nursing (10 carative factors)
d. Travelbee: The purpose of nursing is achieved through human-to-human relationships. The model describes steps toward “compassionate” and “empathetic” care, which is not included in other theories, making it as relevant today as it was when the theory was developed. If nurses did not become more caring, consumers would demand the services of a new and different kind of health provider to replace the nurse!

Question 32

A patient is talking to a nurse about being upset after receiving a cancer diagnosis. The nurse attentively listens and touches the patient gently. Which component of Swanson’s theory does this action fulfill?

Answer 32

“being with”

caring is a nurturing way of relating to a valued other

5 Basic Processes of caring:
knowing
being with
doing for
enabling
maintaining belief

Question 33

The nurse is admitting a patient to the medical/surgical unit after a motor vehicle accident in which their partner died. Family members are also arriving to provide needed support for the patient. The nurse choses to place the patient in a private room at the end of the hall based on what type of knowing? ASK CLASSMATES

Answer 33

Aesthetic Knowledge

Question 34

Julie is a nursing student who is performing venipuncture for the first time with a patient in the clinical area. Although she knows the procedure and has passed off on the steps in skills lab, she is extremely anxious about doing the skill. Which way of knowing is most intensely affecting her right now? ASK CLASSMATES

Answer 34

Personal Knowledge

Question 35

What approaches help student nurses develop critical thinking?

Answer 35

a. Discussion with colleagues
b. Audible verbalization of thoughts
c. Literature review
d. Intentional application of knowledge
e. Concept maps
f. Simulation
g. Role playing
h. Written work

Question 36

Short Essay:
Identify five out of the seven dimensions of caring, identified as being universal by nurses from around the world. Share how you would apply these in providing care to your patient. I will need to grade this part manually so your grade has a chance to go up 10 points at the maximum.

Answer 36

a. Caring (caring touch, active listening, starts with empathy)
b. Compassion (Respect their privacy, involve them in their care plain)
c. Spirituality (Pray with them if they ask, or respect their beliefs and try to work around their schedules example someone who is Muslims prays five set times of day, so do blood draws or medications before/after those times if necessary
d. Community outreach (providing BP screenings, immunizations, volunteer services)
e. Providing comfort (Get to know them, spend time with them building rapport, Actively listen to their frustrations/stories, educate patient on POC and assessment steps, provide a lay mans term of what the doctor tells them, advocate for them)
f. Crisis intervention
g. “Going the extra distance” (Get them an extra blanket, play their favorite song, getting them ready before friends and family arrive)

Question 37

Short Essay:
Write your own personal philosophy of nursing: each student will have a different answer to each of these questions. I will need to grade this part manually so your grade has a chance to go up 10 points at the maximum.

Answer 37

Person: Unique human being; with a unique human experience.

Health: Dynamic ever changing state of functioning

Environment: Our place in the world. How we perceive ourselves in relation to others.

Nursing: A learned trait to enhance other’s wellbeing.