Exam 1 Flashcards
Endocrine, Blood, Heart
This reaction yields glycogen. A) glycogenolysis B) glycolysis C) gluconeogenesis D) glycogenesis E) NA
D) glycogenesis
The sensation of thirst is detected by \_\_ receptors in the \_\_. A) chemo, thalamus B) osmo, anterior pituitary C) chemo, hypothalamus D) glucose, pancreas E) NA
E) NA
Which of the following are freely permeable through the plasma (phospholipid) membrane? A) O2 B) Aldosterone C) Calcitonin D) 2A E) AA
D) 2A
Release of GnRH is ultimately controlled by circulating levels of A) gonadotropin B) LH C) FSH D) testosterone and estrogen E) NA
D) testosterone and estrogen
Which of the following are targets of estrogen? A) facial hair B) muscle and osseous tissure C) pelvic girdle bones D) 2A E) NA
C) pelvic girdle bones
Hunger is detected by chemoreceptors in the \_\_. A) stomach B) cerebrum C) posterior pituitary D) kidney E) hypothalamus
E) hypothalamus
Which of the following glands is a target for the sympathetic nervous system? A) adrenal cortex B) adrenal medulla C) gonads D) a and b E) b and c
B) adrenal medulla
True or False. Insulin is released from pancreatic beta cells in response to high levels of blood glucose.
True
Steroid hormones A) are lipid soluble B) combine with protein receptor molecules in the cytosol or nucleus of the cell C) cause the synthesis of mRNA D) a and c E) AA
E) AA
Aldosterone A) is released from the adrenal gland B) increases sperm production C) targets the kidney D) a and b E) a and c
E) a and c
Which of the following are examples of typical protein hormone responses? A) an increase in membrane permeability B) an increase in protein synthesis C) an increase in cell division D) 2A E) AA
A) an increase in membrane permeability
Thyrotropic releasing hormone (TRH) targets the thyrotropes of what gland? A) thyroid gland B) anterior pituitary C) posterior pituitary D) gonads E) NA
B) anterior pituitary
Luteinizing hormone (LH) A) is released from the posterior pituitary gland B) targets the testicles C) induces ovulation D) b and c E) AA
D) b and c
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) A) is released by the posterior pituitary gland B) decreases urine production C) targets the liver D) a and b E) NA
D) a and b
This hormone is often marketed as Vitamin D even though it is actually a steroid. A) calcitriol B) Adrenalin (epinephrine) C) testosterone D) cortisone E) NA
A) calcitriol
When blood calcium levels are high (hypercalcemia), \_\_ is released from the \_\_ gland. A) thyroxine, thyroid B) PTH, parathyroid C) calcitonin, thyroid D) thymosine, thymus E) NA
C) calcitonin, thyroid
The \_\_ is unusually large in the infant since it is the repository of immature \_\_. A) adrenal gland, adrenalin B) thymus, lymphocytes C) spleen, erythrocytes D) thymus, osteoblasts E) gonads, spermatozoa
B) thymus, lymphocytes
This reaction involves anti-A antibodies and type A blood. A) CRH B) diapedesis C) coagulation D) antibodies E) NA
E) NA
This term describes how a leukocyte moves out of a capillary. A) CRH B) diapedesis C) coagulation D) antibodies E) NA
B) diapedesis
The anterior pituitary gland secretes this hormone. A) CRH B) diapedesis C) coagulation D) antibodies E) NA
A) CRH
These proteins are secreted from a monocyte. A) CRH B) diapedesis C) coagulation D) antibodies E) NA
E) NA
This is a hormone released during times of high stress. A) CRH B) diapedesis C) coagulation D) antibodies E) NA
A) CRH
The hematocrit is a test that can determine \_\_. A) blood type B) clotting factors C) plasma composition D) packed cell volume E) 2A
D) packed cell volume
Erythrocytes A) are membrane bound sacs containing hemoglobin and enzymes B) are non-nucleated in circulation C) cannot make ATP molecules D) a and b E) AA
D) a and b
This metallic ion is located at the center of each of the heme pigments. A) Ca++ B) Cu++ C) Mg++ D) Fe++ E) NA
D) Fe++
Which of the following describes a monocyte?
A) agranular, become macrophages after diapedesis
B) most abundant, granular, especially effective against bacteria
C) rare, agranular, releases antibodies
D) rare, granular, contains multiple granules packed with histamine
E) NA
A) agranular, become macrophages after diapedesis
True or False. There are both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that begin the process of coagulation. Platelets begin the extrinsic mechanism.
False
Hemoglobin is degraded in the \_\_ and the heme portion of the molecule is eventually recycled into \_\_. A) kidney, iron B) liver, pigments/bile C) liver, glucose D) spleen, amino acids
B) liver, pigments/bile
This is the soluble form of the protein necessary for coagulation. A) fibrin B) globulin C) fibrinogen D) 2A E) NA
C) fibrinogen
Leukopoiesis can be triggered by \_\_ that causes the release of the hormones called \_\_. A) hypoxia, hemopoietin B) hypoxemia, erythropoietin C) bacterial invasion, cytokines D) loss of hemoglobin, cytokine E) NA
C) bacterial invasion, cytokines
Which of the following is (are) true of leukocytes:
A) they use diapedesis to move out of blood vessels
B) they account for roughly 10 percent of total blood volume (normal)
C) they replicate under the influence of EPO (erythropoietin)
D) they never replicate
E) NA
A) they use diapedesis to move out of blood vessels
When a leukocyte comes into physical contact with an antigen
A) the leukocyte increases its metabolism
B) the leukocyte begins to secrete a cytokine
C) the leukocyte becomes mitotic
D) 2A
E) AA
E) AA
For hemostasis to occur
A) fibrin must be converted to fibrinogen catalysed by the enzyme thrombin
B) thrombin must be converted to fibrin catalysed by the enzyme fibrinogen
C) fibrinogen must be converted to fibrin catalysed by the enzyme thrombin
D) fibrin must be converted to thrombin catalysed by the enzyme fibrinogen
E) NA
C) fibrinogen must be converted to fibrin catalysed by the enzyme thrombin
A person with blood type B (whole blood) was accidentally given some erythrocytes (no plasma) and the result was agglutination. What type of erythrocytes was this person given? A) Type AB B) Type B C) Type O D) 2A E) NA
A) Type AB
Red blood cell formation is triggered by __ that causes the release of the hormone __ from the __.
A) loss of iron, hemopoietin, bone marrow
B) loss of red blood cells, calcitonin, parathyroid gland
C) hypoxemia, erythropoietin, liver and kidney
D) loss of hemoglobin, cytokine, leukocytes
E) hunger, thyroxine, erythrocytes
C) hypoxemia, erythropoietin, liver and kidney
All circulating formed elements originate from a stem cell known as the A) hemocytoblast B) megakaryocyte C) leukocyte D) lymphocyte E) NA
A) hemocytoblast
The second step in hemostasis is A) vasospasm B) platelet plug formation C) coagulation D) thrombin activation by secretions from platelets E) agglutination
B) platelet plug formation
This organ system receives 100% of the blood volume from every heart beat. A) brain B) lung C) digestive tract D) 2A E) NA
B) lung
Blood entering the heart through the pulmonary veins is said to be a(n) \_\_ vessel. A) efferent B) pulmonary C) afferent D) 2A E) NA
C) afferent
The deep layer of the heart wall lining the chambers of the heart is called the A) epicardium B) myocardium C) parietal pericardium D) endocardium E) perimysium
D) endocardium
True or False. Blood plasma has a higher protein concentration than other extracellular fluids. This high protein content is most important in maintaining blood volume in the circulatory system.
True
Negative feedback inhibition occurs when
A) TRH targets the thyroid gland
B) TH targets the anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus
C) TRH causes the anterior pituitary to release TSH
D) TSH targets the thyroid gland
E)NA
B) TH targets the anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus
