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Church History > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Primary Document

A

First-hand, from the authors

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2
Q

Secondary Document

A

Commentaries

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3
Q

What does communion of the saints mean?

A

all believers of Jesus are connected and united thorough him, both dead and live christians (Heb 12, Rev 5).

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4
Q

What are the 4 types of History?

A
  1. History as event
  2. History as information
  3. History as information
  4. History as interpretation
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5
Q

What is History as Event?

A

The event is absolute, but our knowledge of it never is. They are absolutely known only to God.

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6
Q

What is History as Information?

A

Information about the event. From sources such as: archaeology, document, living memory. There is hard evidence and soft evidence - objectivity

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7
Q

What is History as Inquiry?

A

Using inductive reasoning. Things can be wrong, subjective and biased.

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8
Q

What is History as interpretation?

A

“a subjective interpretation of the past” - ex. Hamilton

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9
Q

Define History

A

History is “the interpreted record of the socially significant human past, based on organized data collected by the scientific method from archaeological, literary, or living sources”

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10
Q

Church History

A

Is the interpreted record of the origin, process, impact of Christianity on human society, based on organized data gathered by scientific method from archaeological, documentary, or living sources”

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11
Q

Four main elements of good historical writing?

A
  1. gathering
  2. analysis and evaluation
  3. apprehension
  4. articulation
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12
Q

What did Pelagius believe?

A

That we already have the grace that we need in order to receive salvation. With our free will we are able to discern between right and wrong without the divine.

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13
Q

What year was the Synod of Orange?

A

AD 529

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14
Q

What was the Synod of Orange?

A

Condemned Pelagianism and talked about how grace is utterly necessary for Christians. Ended Pelagian/Augustine debate and sided with Augustine. Also discussed the importance of baptism and salvation IF WE LABOR FAITHFULLY

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15
Q

What did the Synod of Orange believe about baptism?

A

That it forgives all prior sins and regenerates the soul, making us able to believe and obey.

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16
Q

What is the most Important question of the reformation?

A

How does God grant Grace?

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17
Q

Evangelicalism

A

Salvation is grace ministered by the power of FAITH in the gospel of Christ

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18
Q

Sacerdotalism

A

Salvation is grace ministered by the power of the SACRAMENTS of the church of Christ.

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19
Q

What are the steps involved in Penance?

A
  1. Contrition
  2. Confession
  3. Problem: Attrition
  4. Absolution - te obsolve
  5. Works of Merit
  6. Satisfaction
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20
Q

Penance is Incomplete without ________

A

works of merit

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21
Q

Who taught about about Condign vs. Congruent Merit?

A

St. Thomas Aquinas

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22
Q

Condign Merit?

A

genuine merit, truly earned, insofar as the good works are the work of the Holy Spirit.

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23
Q

Congruent Merit?

A

“half-merit” granted the undeserving by grace, insofar as the good works are the work of fallen humans.

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24
Q

Dulia

A

Honor, given to saints

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25
Q

Hyperdulia

A

highest honor. Given to Mary.

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26
Q

Latria

A

worship. Given to God alone.

27
Q

What is purgatory?

A

antechamber to heaven where Christians (only) are purged of their sins

28
Q

What is the concept of purgatory based on?

A

Pope Gregory the Great had a dream - AD 600

29
Q

Eucharist

A

The Lord’s Supper contains the real presence of Christ.

30
Q

Transubstantiation

A

Real presence - the bread BECOMES Christ’s body

31
Q

What is the order of the seven sacraments of the Roman Catholic church?

A
  1. Baptism
  2. Conformation
  3. Penance
  4. Eucharist
  5. Marriage
  6. Holy orders (ordination)
  7. Extreme unction = anointing of the sick
32
Q

7 Heavenly Virtues

A

(theological) 7. love 6. hope 5. faith (cardinal) 4. fortitude (courage in pain or adversity) 3. Temperance 2. Justice 1. Prudence

33
Q

The 7 Deadly Sins

A
  1. gluttony 6. envy 5. lust 4. pride 3. sloth 2. greed 1. wrath
34
Q

Where is the Church of the East?

A

Mesopotamia, Asia

35
Q

Where is the Coptic Orthodox Church?

A

In NE Africa (coptic - Greek for Egyptian)

36
Q

Where is the Catholic Church?

A

Europe, Mediterranean, N. Africa, Near East

37
Q

The Catholic Church later divided into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodoxy Church as a result of ____________________

A

The Great Schism

38
Q

What are the Three Major Churches of the World ca. 1400?`

A
  1. Church of the East
  2. Coptic Orthodox Church
  3. Catholic Church
39
Q

Great Schism 1054 AD

A

Happened because they couldn’t agree on who to elect and the elected 2 popes and the antipope also appeared and the church split. Nestorian Controversy (church of the east). The patriach of constantinople and Rome excommunicated each other.

40
Q

What are the 4 Solas that came out of the reformation?

A
  1. Sola Sciptura
  2. Sola Gratia
  3. Sola Fide
  4. Solus Christus
41
Q

What are the dates of the Reformation?

A

1517-1648

42
Q

What year was Luther born?

A

1483

43
Q

What year did Luther vow to become a monk?

A

1505

44
Q

What year did Luther post the 95 theses?

A

1517

45
Q

What year did Pope Leo excommunicate Luther?

A

1520

46
Q

When was the Diet of Wurms?

A

1521

47
Q

What 4 new Churches arose from the Protestant Reformation?

A
  1. Lutherans
  2. Reformed
  3. Anglicans
  4. Anabaptists
48
Q

4th Lateran Council of 1215

A

Outside of Rome, most important theological meeting since the Synod of Orange. Here they decided the seven sacraments.

49
Q

What is a sacrament?

A

A visible sign of an invisible grace (Augustine) LATER The visible sign has to be instituted by Jesus during his earthly ministry for the blessedness of his church.

50
Q

Anethema

A

To declare a doctrine as damnedly heretical

51
Q

Dogma

A

Foundational Truth

52
Q

Doctrine

A

All sorts of truths

53
Q

Heterodoxy

A

Mixture of truths and error

54
Q

Heresy

A

Error so sever as to prevent the salvation of those who believe it.

55
Q

When was Luther ordained as a priest?

A

1507

56
Q

Crucial scripture passage for Luther finding true faith?

A

Romans 1:17

57
Q

What does penitence mean?

A

Contrition/Repentance

58
Q

Why is Phillip Melancthon important in Luther’s story?

A

He teaches Luther Greek and he later writes the Augsburg confession

59
Q

Why is Fredrick the Wise important?

A

Kidnapped and held captive Luther to keep him safe

60
Q

What is a Papal Bull

A

A papal decree - the one sent to Luther was telling him to Recant!

61
Q

The Byzantine Empire (the greatest emperial expression of christian civilization) led to the Fall of __________

A

Constantinople

62
Q

The Guttenburg Bible (1455) sped up the process of?

A

The Bible being printed

63
Q

Luther’s 3 reasons for not recanting? (Given at the Diet of Würms

A
  1. Ancient church father’s & their work
  2. Clear reason (logic)
  3. Proof from scripture to support him

Church History (1 decks)

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