Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BCS 153-Cognition > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Structuralism

A

Wundt, attempt to understand structures of mind, introspection, mental elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Behaviorism

A

Rejects introspection, 2 kinds: 1. Radical 2. Methodological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Radical behaviorism

A
  • Skinner, explains behaviors by stimulus-response, conditioning and reinforcement
  • Gallistel, “observable” measures, opposes structuralism and nativism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Methodological behaviorism

A

Use behavioral majors to model mind and cognitive processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Core debate: representation and computability of mind

A
  • Representation: pattern of brain activity arising in specific context, pattern with a causal role
  • Materialize how external entities are processes in our mind
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Core debate: innateness

A
  • Nativism (Chomsky)
  • Empiricism-blank slate
  • Nature vs. Nurture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Core debate: mind-brain identity

A
  • Mind=brain?

- Relationship=embodiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

4 major theories of intelligence

A
  1. Psychometric theory
  2. Cognitive theory
  3. Cognitive contextual theory
  4. Biological theory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Psychometric theory

A
  • IQ tests
  • General factor
  • Specific ability
  • Spearman
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pros and cons of psychometric theory

A
  • Pros: easy to assess and quantify intelligence through standardized tests
  • Cons: underlying mechanisms unknown, doesn’t take emotion and social factors into account
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cognitive theory

A
  • Info processing & SUBSTEPS

- Behavioral tasks (word recall, attention control, recognition)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pros and cons of cognitive theory

A
  • Pros: accounts for intelligence by examining the cognitive processes
  • Cons: bias in clinical populations (ADHD), underlying mechanisms unclear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cognitive contextual theory

A
  • Context-dependent problem solving skills

- Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 major components of triarchic theory of intelligence

A
  1. Analytic (componential/internal): similar to crystallized intelligence
  2. Creative (experiential): similar to fluid intelligence
  3. Practical (contextual/external)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pros and cons of cognitive contextual theory

A
  • Pros: accounts for both internal and external factors

- Cons: is intelligence a separable entity?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Biological theory

A
  • Reductionism
  • Biological basis, brain functions, and cognitive processes
  • Neuropsychological approaches
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pros and cons of biological theory

A
  • Pros: explains intelligence by bio and neuro terms, accounts for underlying neural mechanisms
  • Cons: certain neural network models too abstract or based on symbolic operations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is needed in secondary memory but not primary?

A

Conscious retrieval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the pure cognitive system account for?

A
  • Internal functioning structure
  • Processing of input
  • Generation of output
  • Can account for some parts of AI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is missing in the pure cognitive system?

A

External, social factors, emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What constitutes our belief system? (3)

A
  1. Knowledge
  2. Cultural knowledge
  3. Experience
22
Q

What is memory composed of? (3)

A
  1. Experience
  2. Knowledge
  3. Theory of Mind
23
Q

Superior status of RS over CS

A
  • Biological needs
  • Adaptation
  • Increased challenge–> increased demand for RS–> enhanced CS
  • Account for subconscious aversion of danger
24
Q

What is behavior?

A

Cognitive functions + social norms + response to stimuli

25
Q

What is learning? (3)

A

Accumulation or restructuring of: 1. Knowledge 2. Mental representations 3. Experience

26
Q

What is the result of learning? (2)

A
  1. Reinforcement

2. Conditioning

27
Q

What is the major difference between experts and novices?

A

Timing

28
Q

Autocuing

A

Human behavior is not conditioned by environment, lead to lexical invention

29
Q

Mimesis

A

Representing the external entities through actions or emotions

30
Q

Traditional view of cognition

A

PREDICTIVE, brain as center

31
Q

Problems with traditional view

A
  • We also get feedback from actions
  • Fixed (not adaptive)
  • Overemphasizes role of brain in cognition
32
Q

Embodied cognition

A

HEURISTICS, brain guides motor control, perceptual and motor systems integral parts of cognition, feedback from environment

33
Q

Situated cognition

A
  • Context-dependent and task-relevant

- On-line (immediate) vs off-line (careful)

34
Q

Cognition is time pressured

A
  • Real-time feedback

- Representational bottleneck

35
Q

Cognition is for action

A
  • Adaptive behavior
  • Perception-Action
  • Used for future
  • Memory reps are dynamic
36
Q

Off-line cognition is body-based

A
  • Sensorimotor simulations
  • Mental imagery
  • Memory representations
  • Motor cortex activated in memory retrieval
  • Verbs encoded before nouns
37
Q

Off-loading on the environment

A
  • Minimal memory strategy

- Ex: counting on fingers, selective attention, calculations on pen and paper

38
Q

Environment is part of our cognitive system

A
  • Mental process=function (internal) + stimuli (external)

- Distributed cognition: mind, body, environment

39
Q

Facultative system

A

Set of functions designed for a particular situation

40
Q

Obligate system

A

Context independent

41
Q

Simple embodiment

A

How actions and sensorimotor experience affect mental representation

42
Q

Radical embodiment

A

Mental representation not needed; focus on integration of mind, body, and environment AKA replacement hypothesis

43
Q

What representation is needed in radical embodiment?

A

Rep. of action but NOT rep. of an object

44
Q

What is metacognition made up of? (3)

A
  1. Memory retrieval 2. Attention 3. Working memory
45
Q

2 levels of analysis in metacognition

A
  1. Meta level-reflection on learning, principles

2. Object level-learning task and learners’ related cognitive activities

46
Q

Source monitoring

A

Ability to recall a piece of info along with details about the context in which it was encoded

47
Q

Processes in executive control (4)

A
  1. Selecting
  2. Maintaining
  3. Updating
  4. Rerouting
48
Q

Selecting task

A

Stroop

49
Q

Maintaining task

A

Working memory tasks (digit span), immediate recall, important to know what info is accessible so we can make adjustments

50
Q

Updating task

A

N-back, Verbal fluency, allows you to monitor words you produced, update current responses, prevent repetition

51
Q

Rerouting task

A

Correlated with selecting, attention shift and control, dual-tasking and divided attention

BCS 153-Cognition (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions