Exam 1

Question 1

How many pathogens can infect humans?

Answer 1

1415.

Question 2

Which is polycystic echinococcus?

Answer 2

E. Vogeli.

Question 3

Which is unicystic echinococcus?

Answer 3

E. Oligarthrus.

Question 4

Causative agent of human lung fluke disease?

Answer 4

Paragonimus westermanii.

Question 5

Where in the world we find echinococcus oligarthus?

Answer 5

Argentina, Peru, East Africa, Central Asia, China, America.

Question 6

Which one of these are fish- borne?

Answer 6

Diphyllobotrium latum, broad fish tapeworm, coracidium.

Question 7

Which one of these mites cannot infect humans?

Answer 7

• Sarcoptes Scabies cannot live of a human host for more than 24hrs.
• They can cause an infestation but ø an infection.

Question 8

% when something is hyperendemic?

Answer 8

With a prevalence of >10%.

Question 9

Hypoedemic?

Answer 9

With a prevalence of <1%.

Question 10

Mesoendemic?

Answer 10

With a prevalence of 1- 10%.

Question 11

Pathogen that give bile duct cancer?

Answer 11

Clonorchis sinensis + Opisthorchis viverrini.

Question 12

Chinese liver fluke pathogen?

Answer 12

Clonorchis sinensis, Opistorchis felineus, O. Viverini.

Question 13

Arthropozoonosis:

Answer 13

Zoonosis where the main reservoir of infection is non- human vertebrate animals.

Question 14

Zooanthroponoses:

Answer 14

Disease that mainly affects people, which may be transmitted to animals, which then act as temporary reservoirs of infection.

Question 15

Vector:

Answer 15

An organism, often an invertebrate arthropod, that transmits a pathogen from reservoir to host.

Question 16

Reservoirs:

Answer 16

A long term host of a pathogen.

Question 17

Formite:

Answer 17

An inanimate object that can transmit an infectious agent.

Question 18

Orthozoonosis:

Answer 18

May be perpetuated in nature by a single vertebrate sp.

Question 19

Cyclozoonoses:

Answer 19

Requires more than 1 vertebrate sp but ø invertebrate host.

Question 20

Metazoonoses:

Answer 20

Require both vertebrate + intervertebrates to complete transmission.

Question 21

Saprozoonosis:

Answer 21

The infectious agents of which are either capable of replicating in inanimate sites or require an inanimate environment for the development of an infectious stage of their cycle.

Question 22

What can you treat with Albendazol?

Answer 22

T saginata( beef tapeworm), Trichinella spiralis ( Pork worm), Trichuris trichiura ( Whipworm), Enterobius vermicualris ( Pinworm), Strongyloides stercoralis ( Threadworm), Ascaris lumbricoides ( roundworm), Ancylostoma duodenale ( hookworm) + Necator americanus ( hookworm).

Question 23

How to diagnose Toxocara?

Answer 23

• Mild infections: Intermittant diarrhoea, changing appetite, pot- belly, anaemia, loss of weight, dull coat.
• Severe infection ( puppies, kittens): Coughing, changing appetite, dull coat, extended + sensitive belly ( pot- bely), diarrhoea, vomitus ( worms in it), nervous signs, epileptoid attacks; spontaneous discharge of worms in faeces.
• Also presence of brown eggs in faeces using flotations + small intestines are packed with worms.

Question 24

Which gives enlargemnt + tenderness of liver?

Answer 24

Fasciola liver fluke.

Question 25

Infective form of trichinella?

Answer 25

Direct life cycle, Infective stage is L1.

Question 26

Which of the Trypanosoma is food- borne?

Answer 26

T. cruzi, Chagas’ disease.

Question 27

Which of these Leishmania spp gives visceral + cutaneous lesions?

Answer 27

L. infantum + L. donovani.

Question 28

Which of these Sarcocystis spp gives clinical signs in humans, but humans are ø fiinal host?

Answer 28

S. Nesbitti.

Question 29

Which of these Babesia spp. is most common/ cause most disease in Europe?

Answer 29

B. Canis ( maybe).

Question 30

Not a typical clinical sign of Trichinellosis in humans?

Answer 30

• Inapparent.

- Symptoms include catarrhal enteritis, diarrhoea, acute myositis, myalgia.