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CHEM 112 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

solubility

A

the concentration of solute that exists in equilibrium with excess of that substance

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2
Q

saturated solution

A

a solution with a concentration of solute equal to its solubility

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3
Q

unsaturated solution

A

a solution that has a solute concentration less than the solubility

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4
Q

supersaturated solution

A

a solution with a solute concentration that is greater than the solubility (supersaturation is an unstable condition)

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5
Q

enthalpy of solution

A

the enthalpy change that accompanies the dissolution of one mole of solute

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6
Q

Henry’s Law

A

the solubility of a gas is directly proportional to its partial pressure at any given temperature

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7
Q

colligative property

A

any property of a solution that changes in proportion to the concentration of solute particles

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8
Q

Raoult’s Law

A

the vapor pressure of solvent above a dilute solution equals the mole fraction of the solvent times the vapor pressure of the pure solvent

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9
Q

osmosis

A

the diffusion of a liquid through a semipermeable membrane

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10
Q

osmotic pressure

A

the pressure that comes from an increased level of liquid

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11
Q

van’t Hoff factor, i

A

the number of ions formed when a formula unit of an ionic compound dissolves

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12
Q

ideal solution

A

a solution in which all volatile components obey Raoult’s law for all compositions

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13
Q

distillation

A

the separation of a mixture of components based on differences in volatility (vapor pressure) by repeated evaporation and condensation of the mixture

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14
Q

azeotrope

A

the composition of the solution at minimum or maximum on the vapor pressure curve is a constant-boiling mixture

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15
Q

chemical equilibrium

A

a state in which the tendency of the reactants to form products is balanced by the tendency of the products to form reactants

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16
Q

Le Chatelier’s Principle

A

any change to a chemical reaction at equilibrium causes the reaction to proceed in the direction that reduces the effect of the change

17
Q

heterogeneous system

A

a system in which the reactants and products are present in more than one phase

18
Q

solubility equilibria

A

reactions that involve formation or dissolution of a solid

19
Q

solubility

A

the concentration of solute that exists in equilibrium with an excess of that substance

20
Q

common ion effect

A

the effect of adding a solute to a solution that contains a common ion decreases the solubility of the solid

CHEM 112 (1 decks)

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