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Speech Sounds > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Fronting

A

Place of articulation is more anteriorly located.

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2
Q

Backing

A

Front consonants are replaced with back consonants

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3
Q

Gliding

A

Phonemes are replaced with /w/ or /j/

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4
Q

Weak Syllable Deletion

A

Omission of an unstressed syllable

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5
Q

Epenthesis

A

Addition of a phoneme, typically a schwa inserted between consonants

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6
Q

Deaffrication

A

Producing a homorganic (same place) fricative in place of an affricate

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7
Q

Vowelization

A

Replacement of phonemes (typically syllabics and central rhotic vowels) with a vowel

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8
Q

Total Reduplication

A

Exact repetition of two syllables

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9
Q

Palatalization

A

Replacing a non-palatal with a palatal phoneme

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10
Q

Denasalization

A

Replacing nasal phonemes with homorganic (same place) stops

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11
Q

Cluster Reduction

A

Simplifying a cluster by omitting one or more phonemes

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12
Q

Coalescence

A

Combining features of two adjacent phonemes into a different phoneme with those features

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13
Q

Devoicing

A

Replacing a voiced phoneme with a voiceless phoneme

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14
Q

Initial Consonant Deletion

A

Omission of a word-initial consonant or syllable-initial consonant

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15
Q

Affrication

A

Producing a same place affricate in place of a fricative

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16
Q

Metathesis

A

Reversal of the position of two phonemes

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17
Q

Depalatalization

A

Replacing a palatal with a non-palatal phoneme

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18
Q

Final Consonant Deletion

A

Omission of a syllable-arresting consonant (0mitting a coda)

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19
Q

Stopping

A

Producing a stop in place of a fricative, or omitting the fricative portion of an affricate

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20
Q

Voicing

A

Replacing a voiceless phoneme with a voiced phoneme

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21
Q

What is the study of the sound system of language, including rules that govern the spoken form?

A

Phonology

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22
Q

What is the study of the structure of words?

A

Morphology

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23
Q

What are the organizational rules denoting word, phrase, and clause order and sentence organization?

A

Syntax

24
Q

What is the study of linguistic meaning and vocabulary?

A

Semantics

25
Q

What is the study of the social use of language?

A

Pragmatics

26
Q

What components make up speech?

A

Articulation, fluency and voice

27
Q

What is the totality of motor movements involved in production of the actual sounds that comprise speech?

A

Articulation

28
Q

What kind of disorder is characterized by difficulty with motor production?

A

Articulation Disorder

29
Q

What kind of disorder is characterized by an impaired sound system?

A

Phonological Disorder

30
Q

What is the umbrella term for both articulation and phonological disorders?

A

Speech Sound Disorder

31
Q

What is the smallest linguistic unit able to distinguish one word from another?

A

Phoneme

32
Q

What symbol is used with phonemes?

A

Virgules / /

33
Q

What are speech sounds?

A

Physical sound realities

34
Q

What symbol is used with speech sounds?

A

Brackets [ ]

35
Q

What is a variation of a phoneme that does not change it’s meaning?

A

Allophone

36
Q

What are the rules and allowed combinations in a language?

A

Phonotactics

37
Q

What are words that differ by just one phoneme?

A

Minimal pairs

38
Q

What is the phonemic inventory?

A

The list of all phonemes a child uses to distinguish meaning

39
Q

What is the phonetic inventory?

A

List of all speech sounds evident in the child’s system.

40
Q

What has a relatively open vocal tract, no significant constriction, is highly resonant, and has the greatest amount of sonority?

A

Vowels

41
Q

What is the relative loudness or amount of energy in the signal called?

A

Sonority

42
Q

What are the characteristics of consonants?

A

The airstream encounters obstacles and there is significant constriction

43
Q

What are pairs that differ only in voicing called?

A

Cognates

44
Q

What are the parts within the vocal tract that actually move?

A

Organ

45
Q

What is the area in vocal tract that remains motionless?

A

Place

46
Q

What is the type of constriction the articulators produce?

A

Manner

47
Q

What is the presence or absence of vocal fold vibration?

A

Voicing

48
Q

What is the concept that articulators are continually moving into position for other sounds?

A

Coarticulation

49
Q

What are the changes by which one sound becomes similar or identical to another sound?

A

Assimilation or “harmony processes”

50
Q

What are the three parts of a syllable?

A

Onset, peak (nucleus), and coda

51
Q

What type of syllable have no coda?

A

Open syllables

52
Q

What is the nucleus plus the coda?

A

The rhyme

53
Q

What are consonants that can serve as the rhyme of a syllable?

A

Syllabic consonants

54
Q

What type of transcription is more general and based on phonemes?

A

Broad transcription

55
Q

What type of transcription details as much as possible, using extra symbols for accuracy?

A

Narrow transcription

56
Q

What is a diacritic?

A

A mark used for added precision and accuracy in transcription.

Speech Sounds (2 decks)

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