Exam 1 Flashcards
What is phonological knowledge?
- Knowledge of the sound-symbol relationships in a language
- Discrimination of speech sounds precede the ability to produce those sounds
What is the International Phonetic Alphabet? (Not necessary for exam)
an alphabet developed in the 19th century to accurately represent the pronunciation of languages; goal was to provide a unique symbol for each phoneme in a language
What is phonemic awareness?
-a conscious awareness of distinctive speech sounds
What is morphemic knowledge?
-knowledge of word structure
What is semantic knowledge?
Aspect of language knowledge that involves word meanings and vocabulary
What are diacritic markings? (Not necessary for exam)
markings that change the sound-values of the letters to which they’re added
What is pragmatic knowledge?
Knowledge of how language is used differently in different settings
What is a derivational morpheme?
A bound morpheme that may change the way a word is used in an utterance or sentence (e.g. happy-happiness;construct-construction)
What are prosodic features?
the rhythm and flow of speech; represent the way something is said
What is syntactic knowledge?
Knowledge of how words can be combined in meaningful sentences, phrases
What are the receptive and expressive modes of oral and written language?
receptive: oral – listening; written – reading
expressive: oral – speaking; written – writing
What is an overgeneralization?
Instances where a speaker assumes that a word follows a specific regular or rule when it does not (e.g., go—goed, good—goodest)
What is receptive language? Identify the characteristics of receptive vocabulary.
The language a person is able to comprehend, as in listening or reading
-Receptive language begins to develop prior to expressive language
Characteristics: 1st perceive, 2nd assign meaning, 3rd comprehend
What is expressive language?
Comprehension of oral or written language
What are the characteristics of babbling?
The production of consonant-vowel sounds of varying intonation, usually involving reduplicated sounds such as bah-bah-bah
-Less varied sounds with greater frequency
-Found to be representative of phonemic distinctions different from those found in the specific language culture of the infant
-May occur at different times of day
-Echolalic babbling: appears to echo the rhythm and phonation of adult speech in the child’s environment
-Jargon and Intoned Babble: may sound as if the infant is carrying on a conversation with someone
-constant vowel-constant repetition
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What is an inflectional morpheme?
A bound morpheme that changes a word to correspond to syntactic rules
What is a phoneme?
Smallest linguistic unit of sound
What is schemata?
Abstract cognitive structures stored in human memory to represent events, concepts, or relationships (scheme is the singular form)
Identify the age in which children typically begin to pay more attention to phoneme-sound contrasts that exist in their own language and less attention to phoneme-sound contrasts found in other languages.
-8 to 10 months