Exam 1 Flashcards
An alternate two-domain model system exists. Based on what you (might) already know about eukaryotic cells, which of the following domains do you think make up that system?
bacteria and archaea
Which of the following diseases is caused by a microbe? Influenza Cholera Typhoid Fever Necrotizing fasciitis All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following diseases is associated with a microbial infection? Gastric ulcers Diabetes type I Schizophrenia Obesity
Gastric ulcers
Are viruses living/non-living microbes? Justify your answer Living Non-living
Non-living, they cannot reproduce without a host cell, do not acquire nutrients or use energy, cannot maintain homeostasis
Microorganisms are those which are: less than or equal to 0.1 mm less than or equal to 1 mm less than or equal to 1 cm less than or equal to 0.1 m
less than or equal to 1 mm
Colonial microorganisms lack tissue organization True False
True
All of the following are types of microorganisms except: bacteria archaea fungal mushrooms algae
fungal mushrooms
Which of the following defines the term ubiquitous? visible with naked eye microscopic found everywhere microbes
found everywhere
Which of the following cell types are classified as Eukaryotes? fungal yeast bacteria archaea none of the above
fungal yeast
Which of the following cell structures do prokaryotes and eukaryotes share? Nucleus Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes
Ribosomes
Archaea have peptidoglycan in their cell walls True False
False
All microbes are pathogens True False
False
Which of the following organisms is responsible for ~75% of the oxygen produced on Earth? Plants Humans Algae Fungi
Algae
The endosymbiotic hypothesis states that the precursor to the formation of the first Eukaryotic cell was likely a union between a bacterium and: another bacterium an archaeal cell an archaebacteria cell none of the above
an arachaeal cell
Which of the following scientists was the first to provide evidence that disproved spontaneous generation? Redi Leeuwenhoek Pasteur Hooke
Redi
What fraction of a millimeter is a nanometer? 1/1000th 1/10,000 1/100,000 1/1,000,000
1/1,000,000
Which of the following represents light wavelength in the Abbe equation? d lambda n none of the above
lambda
Dr. Swearingen is viewing a specimen with the 40x objective lens. Two objects on the slide are 0.30 microns apart. Can Dr. Swearingen distinguish the two objects as separate objects? (40X has a resolving power of .35um) Yes No
No
This image represents what type of microscopy?
Darkfield Image
Which of the following is perhaps the most important aspect of a microscope?
Magnification power
Resolution
Light source (i.e. laser vs. iridescent)
Ease of use
Resolution
Dr. Swearingen is observing a new bacterial species on the Brightfield scope. It appears the bacteria is clusters of cocci. These bacteria are what shape-arrangement?
streptobacilli
coccobacilli
staphylobacilli
staphylococci
staphylococci
Bacteria have a cell envelope, which means they have which of the following cell layers/features:
plasma membrane only
cell membrane + cell wall + sometimes a capsule
cell wall + capsule
cell membrane + S layer
cell membrane + cell wall + sometimes a capsule
Bacterial membranes contain lipids other than phospholipids, which are normally:
sterols
cholesterol
hopanoids
testosterone
hopanoids
In simple diffusion, molecules will move into the cell or out of the cell through special proteins in the membrane depending on the gradient
True
False
False
In active transport, molecules will be moved out of the cell usinf the energy derived form the hydrolysis of ATP
True
False
True
The “ABC” in “ABC Transporter” stands for:
already been chewed
adenine binding casette
ATP binding casette
ATP burning casette protein
ATP binding casette
Peptidoglycan is a baceterial specific chemical found in:
bacterial cell walls
bacterial cell membranes
bacterial cell capsules
all of the above
bacterial cell walls
Another term for peptidoglycan is
murein
murine
peptidopolysaccharide
peptidosugar
murein
Bacterail peptidoglycan is very interesting chemically-wise because it contains:
polysaccharides
D-amino acid
L-amino acid
None of the above
D-amino acid
Which of the following is specific to Gram negative bacteria?
Cell wall
peptidoglycan
O-antigen
Lipoteichoic acids
O-antigen
When bacteria enter the blood stream, the body sense and reacts very strongly to:
Phospholipids
cell membrane
nucleoids
lipopolysaccharides
Lipopolysaccharides
Both gram positive and gram negative bacteria can make flagella, however, only gram negative bacteria have a “hook” apparatus making them distinct
True
False
False
Biochemically, archaea and bacteria have very similar cell walls
True
False
False
Which of the following is a type of lipid found in Eukaryotic cell membranes?
Sphingolipid
Cholesterol
Hopanoid
Both A and B
Both A and B
When present, Eukaryotic cell walls contain peptidoglycan like bacteria
True
False
False
When present, Eukaryotic cell walls may contain which of the following types of compounds?
Cellulose
Chitin
Glucan
Any of the above
Any of the above
Which of the following cytoskeletal filaments types is composed of primarily of tubulin proteins?
Microtubules
Which of the following cytoskeletal filament types has high tensile strength and helps the cell to withstand mechanical stress?
Intermediate filaments
microtubules
actin filaments
microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Which of the following organelles is essentially an elaborate extension of the nuclear membrane?
Golgi apparatus
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Both B and C
Both B and C
When ER secretions move to the Golgi Apparatus they first enter through the cis face?
True
False
True
Hydrolase enzymes are active under slightly acidic conditions
True
False
True
The engulfing of other life forms by Eukaryotic cells and subsequent transport into the cell is which type of endocytosis?
Clathrin-dependent endocytosis
Caveolin-dependent endocytosis
Ubiquitination (for degredation)
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
One of the main proteins responsible for organizing and packing DNA into chromosomes is:
chromatin
nucleosomes
histones
none of the above
histones
The nuclear envelope is porous?
True
False
True
The nucleolus is the site of ribosomal maturation?
True
False
False
The size of a fully assembled eukaryotic ribosome is:
40S
60S
70S
80S
80S
Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation occur in the mitochondrion organelle, specifically in:
the matrix
the outer membrane
the inner membrane
all of the above
the inner membrane
Which of the following is a strong arguement that supports the endosymbiotic hypothesis?
Mitochondria and other similar organelles have their own DNA
Mitochondria and other similar organelles divide by binary fission like bacteria
Mitochondria and other similar organelles are a similar size to bacteria
all of the above
all of the above
When a virus is present outside of the cell, we say that it is:
intracellular
intercellular
extracellular
both A and B are correct
extracellular
When viruses are present within a host cell, they exist as:
Nucleocapsid
Capsid only
Nucleic acid only
Protein only
Nucleic acid only
Some viruses are enveloped, meaning that the virus is coated with a:
Plasma membrane
nuclear membrane
capsid
Either A or B are correct
Either A or B are correct
Enveloped proteins often have spike proteins embedded in the envelope. The spikes are derived from:
Host plasma membrane
Host nuclear membrane
Viral genes encoding them
The medium surrounding the host cell
viral genes encoding them
Like cellular organisms, viruses only have dsDNA:
True
False
False
Virions always escape host cells by lysing the host cell
True
False
False
Which of the following best describes a lysogen?
A host cell containing a prophage
An enzyme used to disrupt the host cell membrane
A lysed host cell
A phage that does not lyse the cell
a host cell containing a prophage
A viral infection of a eukaryotic cell resulting in cell death is termed:
latent infection
chronic infection
cytopathic infection
cytocidal infection
cytocidal infection
A plaque assay is an indirect method of counting the number of viral particles in a sample. Which of the following best describes a plaque?
A microscopic or macroscopic degenerative change in host cell/tissues
a clearing of host cells on an agar plate
visible amassment of viral particles, like a bacterial colony
Both B and C are correct
a clearing of host cells on an agar plate
a macroscopic cluster of cells formed on a solid medium is known as a?
colony
