Exam 1

Question 1

An alternate two-domain model system exists. Based on what you (might) already know about eukaryotic cells, which of the following domains do you think make up that system?

Answer 1

bacteria and archaea

Question 2

Which of the following diseases is caused by a microbe? Influenza Cholera Typhoid Fever Necrotizing fasciitis All of the above

Answer 2

All of the above

Question 3

Which of the following diseases is associated with a microbial infection? Gastric ulcers Diabetes type I Schizophrenia Obesity

Answer 3

Gastric ulcers

Question 4

Are viruses living/non-living microbes? Justify your answer Living Non-living

Answer 4

Non-living, they cannot reproduce without a host cell, do not acquire nutrients or use energy, cannot maintain homeostasis

Question 5

Microorganisms are those which are: less than or equal to 0.1 mm less than or equal to 1 mm less than or equal to 1 cm less than or equal to 0.1 m

Answer 5

less than or equal to 1 mm

Question 6

Colonial microorganisms lack tissue organization True False

Answer 6

True

Question 7

All of the following are types of microorganisms except: bacteria archaea fungal mushrooms algae

Answer 7

fungal mushrooms

Question 8

Which of the following defines the term ubiquitous? visible with naked eye microscopic found everywhere microbes

Answer 8

found everywhere

Question 9

Which of the following cell types are classified as Eukaryotes? fungal yeast bacteria archaea none of the above

Answer 9

fungal yeast

Question 10

Which of the following cell structures do prokaryotes and eukaryotes share? Nucleus Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes

Answer 10

Ribosomes

Question 11

Archaea have peptidoglycan in their cell walls True False

Answer 11

False

Question 12

All microbes are pathogens True False

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Which of the following organisms is responsible for ~75% of the oxygen produced on Earth? Plants Humans Algae Fungi

Answer 13

Algae

Question 14

The endosymbiotic hypothesis states that the precursor to the formation of the first Eukaryotic cell was likely a union between a bacterium and: another bacterium an archaeal cell an archaebacteria cell none of the above

Answer 14

an arachaeal cell

Question 15

Which of the following scientists was the first to provide evidence that disproved spontaneous generation? Redi Leeuwenhoek Pasteur Hooke

Answer 15

Redi

Question 16

What fraction of a millimeter is a nanometer? 1/1000th 1/10,000 1/100,000 1/1,000,000

Answer 16

1/1,000,000

Question 17

Which of the following represents light wavelength in the Abbe equation? d lambda n none of the above

Answer 17

lambda

Question 18

Dr. Swearingen is viewing a specimen with the 40x objective lens. Two objects on the slide are 0.30 microns apart. Can Dr. Swearingen distinguish the two objects as separate objects? (40X has a resolving power of .35um) Yes No

Answer 18

No

Question 19

This image represents what type of microscopy?

Answer 19

Darkfield Image

Question 20

Which of the following is perhaps the most important aspect of a microscope?

Magnification power

Resolution

Light source (i.e. laser vs. iridescent)

Ease of use

Answer 20

Resolution

Question 21

Dr. Swearingen is observing a new bacterial species on the Brightfield scope. It appears the bacteria is clusters of cocci. These bacteria are what shape-arrangement?

streptobacilli

coccobacilli

staphylobacilli

staphylococci

Answer 21

staphylococci

Question 22

Bacteria have a cell envelope, which means they have which of the following cell layers/features:

plasma membrane only

cell membrane + cell wall + sometimes a capsule

cell wall + capsule

cell membrane + S layer

Answer 22

cell membrane + cell wall + sometimes a capsule

Question 23

Bacterial membranes contain lipids other than phospholipids, which are normally:

sterols

cholesterol

hopanoids

testosterone

Answer 23

hopanoids

Question 24

In simple diffusion, molecules will move into the cell or out of the cell through special proteins in the membrane depending on the gradient

True

False

Answer 24

False

Question 25

In active transport, molecules will be moved out of the cell usinf the energy derived form the hydrolysis of ATP True False

Answer 25

True

Question 26

The "ABC" in "ABC Transporter" stands for: already been chewed adenine binding casette ATP binding casette ATP burning casette protein

Answer 26

ATP binding casette

Question 27

Peptidoglycan is a baceterial specific chemical found in: bacterial cell walls bacterial cell membranes bacterial cell capsules all of the above

Answer 27

bacterial cell walls

Question 28

Another term for peptidoglycan is murein murine peptidopolysaccharide peptidosugar

Answer 28

murein

Question 29

Bacterail peptidoglycan is very interesting chemically-wise because it contains: polysaccharides D-amino acid L-amino acid None of the above

Answer 29

D-amino acid

Question 30

Which of the following is specific to Gram negative bacteria? Cell wall peptidoglycan O-antigen Lipoteichoic acids

Answer 30

O-antigen

Question 31

When bacteria enter the blood stream, the body sense and reacts very strongly to: Phospholipids cell membrane nucleoids lipopolysaccharides

Answer 31

Lipopolysaccharides

Question 32

Both gram positive and gram negative bacteria can make flagella, however, only gram negative bacteria have a "hook" apparatus making them distinct True False

Answer 32

False

Question 33

Biochemically, archaea and bacteria have very similar cell walls True False

Answer 33

False

Question 34

Which of the following is a type of lipid found in Eukaryotic cell membranes? Sphingolipid Cholesterol Hopanoid Both A and B

Answer 34

Both A and B

Question 35

When present, Eukaryotic cell walls contain peptidoglycan like bacteria True False

Answer 35

False

Question 36

When present, Eukaryotic cell walls may contain which of the following types of compounds? Cellulose Chitin Glucan Any of the above

Answer 36

Any of the above

Question 37

Which of the following cytoskeletal filaments types is composed of primarily of tubulin proteins?

Answer 37

Microtubules

Question 38

Which of the following cytoskeletal filament types has high tensile strength and helps the cell to withstand mechanical stress? Intermediate filaments microtubules actin filaments microfilaments

Answer 38

Intermediate filaments

Question 39

Which of the following organelles is essentially an elaborate extension of the nuclear membrane? Golgi apparatus Smooth ER Rough ER Both B and C

Answer 39

Both B and C

Question 40

When ER secretions move to the Golgi Apparatus they first enter through the cis face? True False

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Hydrolase enzymes are active under slightly acidic conditions True False

Answer 41

True

Question 42

The engulfing of other life forms by Eukaryotic cells and subsequent transport into the cell is which type of endocytosis? Clathrin-dependent endocytosis Caveolin-dependent endocytosis Ubiquitination (for degredation) Phagocytosis

Answer 42

Phagocytosis

Question 43

One of the main proteins responsible for organizing and packing DNA into chromosomes is: chromatin nucleosomes histones none of the above

Answer 43

histones

Question 44

The nuclear envelope is porous? True False

Answer 44

True

Question 45

The nucleolus is the site of ribosomal maturation? True False

Answer 45

False

Question 46

The size of a fully assembled eukaryotic ribosome is: 40S 60S 70S 80S

Answer 46

80S

Question 47

Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation occur in the mitochondrion organelle, specifically in: the matrix the outer membrane the inner membrane all of the above

Answer 47

the inner membrane

Question 48

Which of the following is a strong arguement that supports the endosymbiotic hypothesis? Mitochondria and other similar organelles have their own DNA Mitochondria and other similar organelles divide by binary fission like bacteria Mitochondria and other similar organelles are a similar size to bacteria all of the above

Answer 48

all of the above

Question 49

When a virus is present outside of the cell, we say that it is: intracellular intercellular extracellular both A and B are correct

Answer 49

extracellular

Question 50

When viruses are present within a host cell, they exist as: Nucleocapsid Capsid only Nucleic acid only Protein only

Answer 50

Nucleic acid only

Question 51

Some viruses are enveloped, meaning that the virus is coated with a: Plasma membrane nuclear membrane capsid Either A or B are correct

Answer 51

Either A or B are correct

Question 52

Enveloped proteins often have spike proteins embedded in the envelope. The spikes are derived from: Host plasma membrane Host nuclear membrane Viral genes encoding them The medium surrounding the host cell

Answer 52

viral genes encoding them

Question 53

Like cellular organisms, viruses only have dsDNA: True False

Answer 53

False

Question 54

Virions always escape host cells by lysing the host cell True False

Answer 54

False

Question 55

Which of the following best describes a lysogen? A host cell containing a prophage An enzyme used to disrupt the host cell membrane A lysed host cell A phage that does not lyse the cell

Answer 55

a host cell containing a prophage

Question 56

A viral infection of a eukaryotic cell resulting in cell death is termed: latent infection chronic infection cytopathic infection cytocidal infection

Answer 56

cytocidal infection

Question 57

A plaque assay is an indirect method of counting the number of viral particles in a sample. Which of the following best describes a plaque? A microscopic or macroscopic degenerative change in host cell/tissues a clearing of host cells on an agar plate visible amassment of viral particles, like a bacterial colony Both B and C are correct

Answer 57

a clearing of host cells on an agar plate

Question 58

a macroscopic cluster of cells formed on a solid medium is known as a?

Answer 58

colony