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MCB Spring 2019 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

An alternate two-domain model system exists. Based on what you (might) already know about eukaryotic cells, which of the following domains do you think make up that system?

A

bacteria and archaea

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2
Q

Which of the following diseases is caused by a microbe? Influenza Cholera Typhoid Fever Necrotizing fasciitis All of the above

A

All of the above

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3
Q

Which of the following diseases is associated with a microbial infection? Gastric ulcers Diabetes type I Schizophrenia Obesity

A

Gastric ulcers

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4
Q

Are viruses living/non-living microbes? Justify your answer Living Non-living

A

Non-living, they cannot reproduce without a host cell, do not acquire nutrients or use energy, cannot maintain homeostasis

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5
Q

Microorganisms are those which are: less than or equal to 0.1 mm less than or equal to 1 mm less than or equal to 1 cm less than or equal to 0.1 m

A

less than or equal to 1 mm

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6
Q

Colonial microorganisms lack tissue organization True False

A

True

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7
Q

All of the following are types of microorganisms except: bacteria archaea fungal mushrooms algae

A

fungal mushrooms

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8
Q

Which of the following defines the term ubiquitous? visible with naked eye microscopic found everywhere microbes

A

found everywhere

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9
Q

Which of the following cell types are classified as Eukaryotes? fungal yeast bacteria archaea none of the above

A

fungal yeast

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10
Q

Which of the following cell structures do prokaryotes and eukaryotes share? Nucleus Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes

A

Ribosomes

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11
Q

Archaea have peptidoglycan in their cell walls True False

A

False

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12
Q

All microbes are pathogens True False

A

False

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13
Q

Which of the following organisms is responsible for ~75% of the oxygen produced on Earth? Plants Humans Algae Fungi

A

Algae

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14
Q

The endosymbiotic hypothesis states that the precursor to the formation of the first Eukaryotic cell was likely a union between a bacterium and: another bacterium an archaeal cell an archaebacteria cell none of the above

A

an arachaeal cell

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15
Q

Which of the following scientists was the first to provide evidence that disproved spontaneous generation? Redi Leeuwenhoek Pasteur Hooke

A

Redi

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16
Q

What fraction of a millimeter is a nanometer? 1/1000th 1/10,000 1/100,000 1/1,000,000

A

1/1,000,000

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17
Q

Which of the following represents light wavelength in the Abbe equation? d lambda n none of the above

A

lambda

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18
Q

Dr. Swearingen is viewing a specimen with the 40x objective lens. Two objects on the slide are 0.30 microns apart. Can Dr. Swearingen distinguish the two objects as separate objects? (40X has a resolving power of .35um) Yes No

A

No

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19
Q

This image represents what type of microscopy?

A

Darkfield Image

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20
Q

Which of the following is perhaps the most important aspect of a microscope?

Magnification power

Resolution

Light source (i.e. laser vs. iridescent)

Ease of use

A

Resolution

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21
Q

Dr. Swearingen is observing a new bacterial species on the Brightfield scope. It appears the bacteria is clusters of cocci. These bacteria are what shape-arrangement?

streptobacilli

coccobacilli

staphylobacilli

staphylococci

A

staphylococci

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22
Q

Bacteria have a cell envelope, which means they have which of the following cell layers/features:

plasma membrane only

cell membrane + cell wall + sometimes a capsule

cell wall + capsule

cell membrane + S layer

A

cell membrane + cell wall + sometimes a capsule

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23
Q

Bacterial membranes contain lipids other than phospholipids, which are normally:

sterols

cholesterol

hopanoids

testosterone

A

hopanoids

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24
Q

In simple diffusion, molecules will move into the cell or out of the cell through special proteins in the membrane depending on the gradient

True

False

A

False

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25
Q

In active transport, molecules will be moved out of the cell usinf the energy derived form the hydrolysis of ATP

True

False

A

True

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26
Q

The “ABC” in “ABC Transporter” stands for:

already been chewed

adenine binding casette

ATP binding casette

ATP burning casette protein

A

ATP binding casette

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27
Q

Peptidoglycan is a baceterial specific chemical found in:

bacterial cell walls

bacterial cell membranes

bacterial cell capsules

all of the above

A

bacterial cell walls

28
Q

Another term for peptidoglycan is

murein

murine

peptidopolysaccharide

peptidosugar

A

murein

29
Q

Bacterail peptidoglycan is very interesting chemically-wise because it contains:

polysaccharides

D-amino acid

L-amino acid

None of the above

A

D-amino acid

30
Q

Which of the following is specific to Gram negative bacteria?

Cell wall

peptidoglycan

O-antigen

Lipoteichoic acids

A

O-antigen

31
Q

When bacteria enter the blood stream, the body sense and reacts very strongly to:

Phospholipids

cell membrane

nucleoids

lipopolysaccharides

A

Lipopolysaccharides

32
Q

Both gram positive and gram negative bacteria can make flagella, however, only gram negative bacteria have a “hook” apparatus making them distinct
True

False

A

False

33
Q

Biochemically, archaea and bacteria have very similar cell walls

True

False

A

False

34
Q

Which of the following is a type of lipid found in Eukaryotic cell membranes?

Sphingolipid

Cholesterol

Hopanoid

Both A and B

A

Both A and B

35
Q

When present, Eukaryotic cell walls contain peptidoglycan like bacteria

True
False

A

False

36
Q

When present, Eukaryotic cell walls may contain which of the following types of compounds?

Cellulose

Chitin

Glucan

Any of the above

A

Any of the above

37
Q

Which of the following cytoskeletal filaments types is composed of primarily of tubulin proteins?

A

Microtubules

38
Q

Which of the following cytoskeletal filament types has high tensile strength and helps the cell to withstand mechanical stress?

Intermediate filaments

microtubules

actin filaments

microfilaments

A

Intermediate filaments

39
Q

Which of the following organelles is essentially an elaborate extension of the nuclear membrane?

Golgi apparatus

Smooth ER
Rough ER
Both B and C

A

Both B and C

40
Q

When ER secretions move to the Golgi Apparatus they first enter through the cis face?

True

False

A

True

41
Q

Hydrolase enzymes are active under slightly acidic conditions

True

False

A

True

42
Q

The engulfing of other life forms by Eukaryotic cells and subsequent transport into the cell is which type of endocytosis?

Clathrin-dependent endocytosis

Caveolin-dependent endocytosis

Ubiquitination (for degredation)

Phagocytosis

A

Phagocytosis

43
Q

One of the main proteins responsible for organizing and packing DNA into chromosomes is:

chromatin

nucleosomes

histones

none of the above

A

histones

44
Q

The nuclear envelope is porous?

True

False

A

True

45
Q

The nucleolus is the site of ribosomal maturation?

True

False

A

False

46
Q

The size of a fully assembled eukaryotic ribosome is:

40S

60S

70S

80S

A

80S

47
Q

Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation occur in the mitochondrion organelle, specifically in:

the matrix

the outer membrane

the inner membrane

all of the above

A

the inner membrane

48
Q

Which of the following is a strong arguement that supports the endosymbiotic hypothesis?

Mitochondria and other similar organelles have their own DNA

Mitochondria and other similar organelles divide by binary fission like bacteria

Mitochondria and other similar organelles are a similar size to bacteria

all of the above

A

all of the above

49
Q

When a virus is present outside of the cell, we say that it is:

intracellular

intercellular

extracellular

both A and B are correct

A

extracellular

50
Q

When viruses are present within a host cell, they exist as:

Nucleocapsid

Capsid only

Nucleic acid only

Protein only

A

Nucleic acid only

51
Q

Some viruses are enveloped, meaning that the virus is coated with a:

Plasma membrane

nuclear membrane

capsid

Either A or B are correct

A

Either A or B are correct

52
Q

Enveloped proteins often have spike proteins embedded in the envelope. The spikes are derived from:

Host plasma membrane

Host nuclear membrane

Viral genes encoding them

The medium surrounding the host cell

A

viral genes encoding them

53
Q

Like cellular organisms, viruses only have dsDNA:

True

False

A

False

54
Q

Virions always escape host cells by lysing the host cell

True

False

A

False

55
Q

Which of the following best describes a lysogen?

A host cell containing a prophage

An enzyme used to disrupt the host cell membrane

A lysed host cell

A phage that does not lyse the cell

A

a host cell containing a prophage

56
Q

A viral infection of a eukaryotic cell resulting in cell death is termed:

latent infection

chronic infection

cytopathic infection

cytocidal infection

A

cytocidal infection

57
Q

A plaque assay is an indirect method of counting the number of viral particles in a sample. Which of the following best describes a plaque?

A microscopic or macroscopic degenerative change in host cell/tissues

a clearing of host cells on an agar plate

visible amassment of viral particles, like a bacterial colony

Both B and C are correct

A

a clearing of host cells on an agar plate

58
Q

a macroscopic cluster of cells formed on a solid medium is known as a?

A

colony

59
Q
A
60
Q
A
61
Q
A
62
Q
A
63
Q
A
64
Q
A
65
Q
A

MCB Spring 2019 (1 decks)

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