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Pathophys > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Leptomeningitis

A

inflammatory process that is localized to the interfacing surfaces of the pia and arachnoid where CSF flows

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2
Q

Pachymeningitis

A

inflammation of the dura, usually a consequence of contiguous infx such as chronic sinusitis or mastoiditis. The dura is a barrier to infx and inflammation is restricted to outer surface

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3
Q

neonate bacterial meningitis organism

A

ecoli and group B strept

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4
Q

infant (3mo to 3 yrs) bacterial meningitis organism

A

H influenza

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5
Q

adult bac meningitis org

A

strept pneumococcus/ also most common

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6
Q

military barracks bac meningitis or

A

N. meningitidis

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7
Q

definitive diagnostic index of meningititis

A

PMNS in the CSF

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8
Q

hallmark of meingitis caused by TB, viral meningitides and chronic fungal infx

A

lymphocytes

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9
Q

what prevents spread of infx and involvment of underlyng brain

A

PIA

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10
Q

h influenza barrier to antibiotic technique

A

elicits a dense leukocytis exudate rich in fibrin which makes the exudate become loculated creating a barrier

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11
Q

classic signs of meingeal infx

A

cervical rigidity, head retraction, pain in the knee when hips is flexed (kernig), spontaneous flexion of the knees and hips when neck flexed (brudzinski)

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12
Q

parkinson dz

A

neurologic disorder characterized by loss of neurons in the substantia nigra and clinically by tremors at rest (pill roll), muscular rigidity, expressionless face and emotional lability

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13
Q

what decade of life does parkinson dz appear in

A

6th to 8th decade

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14
Q

genetic factor of parkinson

A

autosomal dominant, early onset form due to point mutation of chromosome 4

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15
Q

cause for most cases of parkinson

A

IDIOPATHIC, but dz has been recorded after virla encephalitis and after intake of a toxic chem (MPTP)

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16
Q

von economo enceph effect on brain

A

injury to the substantia nigra (gross loss of pigmentation)

17
Q

parkinson dz pathology

A

loss of pigmentation in substantia nigra and locus ceruleus

18
Q

lewy bodies

A
  • residual atrophic nerve cells containing spherical granular eosinohilic cytoplasmic inclusions - in parkinson brain
19
Q

pill rolling tremor

A

course tremor of the distal extremities

- present at rest and disappears with voluntary movement

20
Q

cog wheel rigidity

A

hypertonia produces muscle rigidity and spontaneous movement is diminished akinesia

21
Q

other causes of parkinson like symps

A
  1. drugs (pehnothiazines and haldol
  2. CO or manganese poisoning
  3. bilateral infarcts of basal ganglia
  4. hydrocephalus
  5. tumors near basal ganglia
  6. cerebral trauma
22
Q

alzheimer

A

insidious and progressive neurological disorder characterized by loss of memory, cognitive impairment and eventual dementia

23
Q

most common cause of demetia in the elderly worldwide

A

ALZHEIMER, prevalence increases with age

  • women more than men
  • most cases sporadic but familial variant is recognized
24
Q

pathogenesis of alzheimers NEEDED FOR DX

A

SENILE PLAQUES AND NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES and amyloid angiopathy

25
Q

gross brain in alzeheimer

A

gyri narrows, sulci widens and bilateral cortical atrophy

- SPARES THE OCCIPITAL LOBE

26
Q

how are senile plaques seen

A

SILVER STAIN

27
Q

neurofibrillary tangles also called

A

flame cells

28
Q

amyloid angiography stain

A

CONGO RED stain

29
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

chronic, demyelinating disease of the CNS in which there are numerous patches of demyelination throughout the white matter

30
Q

JC virus

A

causes progressive multifocal leukoencephaopathy that initirates demyelination in the CNS

31
Q

MS ONSET

A

3RD OR 4TH DECADE which is the xpression of formation of new plaques of demyleination and remission

32
Q

cause of death in MS

A

pts usually die from respiratory paralysis or UTIs in terminal coma

33
Q

charcot bouchard aneurysms

A

result weakening of the walls lead to these aneurysms, small fusiform dilatations located on the trunk of a vessel rather than at bifurcation and are predisposed to rupture causing hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage

34
Q

lipohylainosis

A

integrity of cerebral arterioles is compromised by hypertension through the deposition of lipid and hyaline material in their walls

Pathophys (1 decks)

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