exam 1

Question 1

Leptomeningitis

Answer 1

inflammatory process that is localized to the interfacing surfaces of the pia and arachnoid where CSF flows

Question 2

Pachymeningitis

Answer 2

inflammation of the dura, usually a consequence of contiguous infx such as chronic sinusitis or mastoiditis. The dura is a barrier to infx and inflammation is restricted to outer surface

Question 3

neonate bacterial meningitis organism

Answer 3

ecoli and group B strept

Question 4

infant (3mo to 3 yrs) bacterial meningitis organism

Answer 4

H influenza

Question 5

adult bac meningitis org

Answer 5

strept pneumococcus/ also most common

Question 6

military barracks bac meningitis or

Answer 6

N. meningitidis

Question 7

definitive diagnostic index of meningititis

Answer 7

PMNS in the CSF

Question 8

hallmark of meingitis caused by TB, viral meningitides and chronic fungal infx

Answer 8

lymphocytes

Question 9

what prevents spread of infx and involvment of underlyng brain

Answer 9

PIA

Question 10

h influenza barrier to antibiotic technique

Answer 10

elicits a dense leukocytis exudate rich in fibrin which makes the exudate become loculated creating a barrier

Question 11

classic signs of meingeal infx

Answer 11

cervical rigidity, head retraction, pain in the knee when hips is flexed (kernig), spontaneous flexion of the knees and hips when neck flexed (brudzinski)

Question 12

parkinson dz

Answer 12

neurologic disorder characterized by loss of neurons in the substantia nigra and clinically by tremors at rest (pill roll), muscular rigidity, expressionless face and emotional lability

Question 13

what decade of life does parkinson dz appear in

Answer 13

6th to 8th decade

Question 14

genetic factor of parkinson

Answer 14

autosomal dominant, early onset form due to point mutation of chromosome 4

Question 15

cause for most cases of parkinson

Answer 15

IDIOPATHIC, but dz has been recorded after virla encephalitis and after intake of a toxic chem (MPTP)

Question 16

von economo enceph effect on brain

Answer 16

injury to the substantia nigra (gross loss of pigmentation)

Question 17

parkinson dz pathology

Answer 17

loss of pigmentation in substantia nigra and locus ceruleus

Question 18

lewy bodies

Answer 18

• residual atrophic nerve cells containing spherical granular eosinohilic cytoplasmic inclusions - in parkinson brain

Question 19

pill rolling tremor

Answer 19

course tremor of the distal extremities

- present at rest and disappears with voluntary movement

Question 20

cog wheel rigidity

Answer 20

hypertonia produces muscle rigidity and spontaneous movement is diminished akinesia

Question 21

other causes of parkinson like symps

Answer 21

1. drugs (pehnothiazines and haldol
2. CO or manganese poisoning
3. bilateral infarcts of basal ganglia
4. hydrocephalus
5. tumors near basal ganglia
6. cerebral trauma

Question 22

alzheimer

Answer 22

insidious and progressive neurological disorder characterized by loss of memory, cognitive impairment and eventual dementia

Question 23

most common cause of demetia in the elderly worldwide

Answer 23

ALZHEIMER, prevalence increases with age

• women more than men
• most cases sporadic but familial variant is recognized

Question 24

pathogenesis of alzheimers NEEDED FOR DX

Answer 24

SENILE PLAQUES AND NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES and amyloid angiopathy

Question 25

gross brain in alzeheimer

Answer 25

gyri narrows, sulci widens and bilateral cortical atrophy | - SPARES THE OCCIPITAL LOBE

Question 26

how are senile plaques seen

Answer 26

SILVER STAIN

Question 27

neurofibrillary tangles also called

Answer 27

flame cells

Question 28

amyloid angiography stain

Answer 28

CONGO RED stain

Question 29

multiple sclerosis

Answer 29

chronic, demyelinating disease of the CNS in which there are numerous patches of demyelination throughout the white matter

Question 30

JC virus

Answer 30

causes progressive multifocal leukoencephaopathy that initirates demyelination in the CNS

Question 31

MS ONSET

Answer 31

3RD OR 4TH DECADE which is the xpression of formation of new plaques of demyleination and remission

Question 32

cause of death in MS

Answer 32

pts usually die from respiratory paralysis or UTIs in terminal coma

Question 33

charcot bouchard aneurysms

Answer 33

result weakening of the walls lead to these aneurysms, small fusiform dilatations located on the trunk of a vessel rather than at bifurcation and are predisposed to rupture causing hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage

Question 34

lipohylainosis

Answer 34

integrity of cerebral arterioles is compromised by hypertension through the deposition of lipid and hyaline material in their walls