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Music History > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

3 categories of popular music

A
  • popular
  • classical
  • folk
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2
Q

American pop music grew out of 3 distinct musical traditions

A
  • art music of Central Europe (classical music)
  • Folk music of the British isles
  • West African music
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3
Q

American pop music is important in at least 3 ways

A
  • culturally
  • commercial sales
  • artistical expression
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4
Q

most musical sounds have 4 properties

A

1) timber
2) intensity
3) pitch
4) Duration

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5
Q

definite pitch

A

any instrument you can sing back

-ex: piano

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6
Q

elements of popular music

A

1) instrumentation
2) preforming style
3) dynamics
4) rhythm
5) melody
6) Harmony
7) texture
8) form

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7
Q

inflection

A

the note to note dynamic shading of singer or instrumentalist

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8
Q

chord

A

group of pitches heard at the same time

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9
Q

arpeggio

A

notes of a chord in a series/ breaking apart chords

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10
Q

instruments of pop music fall into 5 groups

A

1) rhythm
2) winds
3) strings
4) percussion
5) electronic instruments

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11
Q

tempo

A

defines speed of the beat

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12
Q

measure

A

beats grouped into longer rhythmic units

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13
Q

two features have defined the sound of rhythm in American pop music

A

1) rhythm section

2) backbeat

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14
Q

riff

A

short melodic idea

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15
Q

form of music

A
  • AABA

- Verse/ Chorus

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16
Q

sources of popular music

A

1) Central European heritage
2) Settlers from England, Ireland, Scotland
3) African slaves

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17
Q

melisma

A

series of pitches sung on the same syllable

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18
Q

source of pop music from Central European heritage

A

Central European music in America regins from Italian opera to German lieder

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19
Q

source of pop music from England, Scotland and Scotland

A

settles brought a rich folk tradition with them like fiddle, folk, banjo

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20
Q

source of pop music from African slaves

A

almost exclusively visual

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21
Q

pentatonic scale

A

5 note scale

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22
Q

call and response

A

the regular alternating of 2 contrasting sounds

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23
Q

what 2 traditions have been the crucial factors in the creation of pop music

A

1) European traditions

2) African music traditions

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24
Q

songs of the 1850’s had 2 distinct qualities

A
  • very popular

- sound home grown

25
Q

3 important improvements in piano design

A

1) Babcock developed single piece iron from for an upright piano
2) Chickering applied cast iron frame to a grand piano
3) Steinway combined iron from with over strung bass strings

26
Q

what instrument did most people learn to play

A

piano

27
Q

most people learned songs from

A

sheet music which was the primary means of distributing popular songs well into 20th century

28
Q

Stephen foster

A

most important song written in 19th century popular music

29
Q

parlor songs and example

A
  • are intended primarily of home use

- “gene with he light brown hair”

30
Q

strophic form

A

when same melody serves several stanzas of text

31
Q

minstrel show

A

-marked beginning of American pop music
-first show took place in Boston in 1843
-city slicker and country bumpkin stereotypes
-

32
Q

the Minstrel show grew into what 3 parts

A

1) featured pop song (“debotmans Dance”)
2) olio(variety portion)
3) the walk around-finale

33
Q

The positive contributions to the minstrel show

A
  • entertainment for the masses
  • made use of everyday speech/music
  • developed our of synthesis of classical and folk music
  • energetic, often danceable music
34
Q

how a minstrel show was preformed at home

A

‘oh Suzanna’ on piano

35
Q

Plantation song

A
  • Stephen fosters most significant creation
  • drew on both parlor and minstrel song styles
  • 1st imported instance in America of a new pop style being created by mixing 2 existing pop styles
  • “old folks at home”
36
Q

when was the birth of popular music and the popular music industry

A

pop music born: two decades before the civil war

pop music industry born: three decades after civil war

37
Q

the song “grandfathers clock” anticipates the emphasis on what

A

the chorus

38
Q

tinpan alley

A
  • group of music publishers in New York that sold only popular songs
  • NYC became home to both popular stage entertainment and popular music publishing
39
Q

“after the ball”

A
  • first tinpan alley hit
  • it was written by Charles Harris
  • a waltz (three beats a measure in a waltz)
40
Q

what was the most popular dance rhythm around 1900

A

waltz

41
Q

after the civil war African Americans had many new opportunities. Including:

A

1) jubilee Choir

2) minstrel show

42
Q

delineator

A

authentic portrayal of plantation life

43
Q

James bland

A
  • first African American songwriter to achieve commercial success
  • ex: “golden wedding”
44
Q

gussy davis

A

first African American songwriter in achieve success on tinpan alley

45
Q

5 types of star entertainment

A

1) minstrel show
2) Vaudeville
3) American musical comedy
4) European operetta
5) Revue

46
Q

vaudeville

A
  • variety show
  • most popular form live entertainment around the turn of the century
  • major preforming outlet for popular song
47
Q

American musical comedy

A
  • “the black crook” in 1866 marked beginning go American musical comedy
  • plot was normally about ‘here and now’ situations
48
Q

European operetta

A

plots were ling ago and far away

49
Q

Revue

A
  • began to replace minstrel show

- Ziegfeld follows made fun of upper class

50
Q

interpolate

A

to insert a song without regard for the plot

51
Q

2 American music comedy people

A

Harrigain and Hart

52
Q

2 European operetta people

A

Gilbert and Sullivan

53
Q

George M. Cohan and 3 characteristics about him

A
  • “Yankee Doodle boy”
    1) emphasis on the chorus
    2) patriotic quotations
    3) march rhythms
54
Q

professional concert band

A
  • was the most popular instrumental ensemble in late 19th century America
  • almost every city in town had a municipal band
55
Q

Gilmore Concert band

A
  • before 1890

- raised level of musicianship in US

56
Q

Sousa Concert band

A
  • after 1890
  • by john Phillip Sousa who was the most prominent band leader/ composer of his era
  • nicknamed the “march king”
57
Q

standard concert band instrumentation

A
  • brass
  • woodwind
  • percussion
58
Q

John Phillip Sousa wrote what song

A

“stars and stripes forever”

Music History (3 decks)

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