Exam 1 Flashcards
What particular sequence is there for the abdominal exam?
- Inspection
- Auscultation
- Percussion
- Palpation
What lines the cavity and forms a protective cover for many abdominis structures?
Peritoneum
What is a fan shaped fold of the peritoneum that covers most of the small intestine and anchors to post. Abdominal wall?
Mesentery
In general how long is the esophagus?
10 in long
In general how long is the small intestine?
21 ft. Long
In general how long is the large intestine?
4.5 to 5 ft long
What part of the small intestine has valves that prevent large intestine backflow?
Ileum
Ileocecal valve
What part of the S.I.has openings for bike and pancreatic ducts?
Duodenum
What helps increase surface area in S.I.?
- Circular folds
2. Villi
What are 4 sections of L.I.?
1.cecum
2.ascending colon
3.transverse colon
4.descending colon
A.sigmoid colon
B. Rectum and anal canal
What is the function of L.I.?
- Water absorption
- lubrication of contents from alkaline mucus that neutralizes acids from intestinal bacteria
- Putrefaction:live bacteria decompose undigested food, unabsorbed AA, cell debris, dead bacteria
What are the major fxn of the liver?
- Metabolize fats and carbs
- Converts AA to glucose
- Synthesize fats from carbs and proteins
- Store vitamin and iron
- Detoxify harmful substances
- Produce antibodies and blood coagulants
- Synthesize bile
- Converts waste from fat to water solubles
What is the fxn of gallbladder?
- concentrates and stores bile
2. Bile maintains alkaline pH of S.I.
What is bile from gallbladder made up of?
- Cholesterol
- bile salts
- pigments
Why does the gallbladder need to maintain the pH of S.I.
To permit emulsification of fats for absorption
Where is the pancreas located?
Behind and beneath the stomach
What is the fxn of the pancreas?
- produce digestive juices
2. endocrine fxn produces hormones to regulate body’s lvl of glucose
What are the two endocrine hormones the pancreas produces?
- Insulin
2. Glucagon
True or False
Insulin is the major catabolic hormone of the body
False
Anabolic
How is one way you know if the spleen is inflamed?
Sticks out below the ribs
Where is the spleen located?
Left upper quadrant below kidney
What is the fxn of the spleen?
White pulp 1.Filters blood 2.Produces lymphocytes and monocytes Red pulp 1.Allows for storage and release of blood
What type of pulp in the spleen is lymphoid tissue?
White pulp
Can you palpate kidneys?
Yes
Can you palpate ureters of the kidneys?
No
Can you palpate the bladder?
Only if full
Where are the kidneys located?
Retroperitoneum
What are the fxn of the kidneys?
- Rids body of water soluble waste
- Produces(endocrine) renin, erythropoietin, and biologically active Vit D.
- Synthesizes prostaglandins
What muscles protect the abdominal cavity?
- Rectus Abdominis
2&3.internal and external Obliques
What contains the umbilicus?
Linear Alba
What is also known as poupart ligament
Inguinal ligament
