Exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Hesiod

A

greek poet that flourished in the Iron Age and described a “heroic age” where men misled with gods and powerful kingdoms fought

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2
Q

Heinrich Schliemann

A

in the late 19th century he was an archaeologist who believed that greek myths were true and found these places in Greece. he found troy.

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3
Q

Mycenae

A

the Bronze Age. Athens was last of Mycenae culture. age of heroes.

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4
Q

thalassocracy

A

empire by the sea

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5
Q

palace at Knossos

A

palace on island of Crete. was a creation center for pottery and metalworks. huge. had lots of paintings. long twisty hallways.

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6
Q

linear B

A

script used my mycenaean greeks. it was deciphered. it was just lists. its relationship with Linear A shows that Minoan commercial activity engaged the mainland of Greece.

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7
Q

mycenaean citadels

A

well populated center for trade and government

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8
Q

sea peoples

A

group of invaders who destroyed Egypt and possibly mycenaean Greece.

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9
Q

aristoi

A

best men

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10
Q

polis

A

city state

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11
Q

the academy

A

founded by plato as informal school

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12
Q

republic

A

book of dialogues(socrates is main character) in it plato argues that social harmony and order are more important than individual liberty or equality

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13
Q

“philosopher kings”

A

members of ruling elites who try to apply philosophy into excursive of power

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14
Q

Aristotle

A

student of plato, taught politics, ethics, and the pursuit of happiness

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15
Q

empirical knowledge

A

sensory experience/feeling and observing

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16
Q

Pericles

A

aristocrat from very prestigious family advocated foreign policy that directed away from being alliances with Sparta. adopted aggressive policies.

17
Q

delian league

A

group of greek polis who allied together during greco-persian wars. Athens+Sparta

18
Q

Peloponnesian league

A

sparta and their allies during Peloponnesian wars

19
Q

Thucydides

A

historian. father of scientific history. remembers for his collections of materials and writings during Peloponnesian war

20
Q

Alcibiades

A

young aristocrats who’s idea it was to attack Sicily to help allies but then ended up killing thousands of athenians.

21
Q

khora

A

land surrounding agora, under control of polis

22
Q

synoikismos

A

“bringing together of dwellings” incorporating various villages and sanctuaries into larger polis

23
Q

agora

A

a social center for trade/ markets/ assemblies

24
Q

areopagus

A

council of government that elected city officials

25
Q

drakon

A

created written laws for Athens but was too harsh

26
Q

Solon

A

grants power. created social and political and economic reforms

27
Q

peisistratos

A

tyrant, redistributed aristocratic land to the poor, built a navy

28
Q

cleisthenes

A

broke aristocracy, reinstitures solons reforms, divides Athens into ten political districts, demes

29
Q

hoplite

A

citizen solider, equipped themselves, had spears and swords

30
Q

hoplon

A

shield that hoplites used

31
Q

phalanx

A

formation that hoplites used. carrying hoplons close together, and leaning on each other to create a wall. hard to pull off but almost impossible to beat

32
Q

Herodotus

A

regarded greeks and persians as great people. was first person that we know of to write down his collections. couldve been biased because he was greek

33
Q

trireme

A

versatile warship, three banks of oars, athenians used this to their advantage

34
Q

miltiades

A

athenian general during battle of marathon. very cunning

35
Q

Xerxes

A

son of Darius(persian) prepared invasion on Greece to avenge his fathers shame

36
Q

battle of marathon

A

greeks were outnumbered by persians. sparta was in religious festival so they couldn’t help. greeks won according to Herodotus

37
Q

battle of Thermopylae

A

outnumbered greeks led by sparta confronted Xerxes at mountain pass. greeks held off persians for 3 days. didn’t;t win, but athenians beat persians at sea by faking a retreat

38
Q

socrates

A

founder of western philosophy, known for his contribution to ethics, killed for disagreeing w religious, disobeying law of land, and corrupting the youth

39
Q

plato

A

founded academy in Athens, founded western political philosophy(republic). argued about social harmonies and order