Exam #1 Flashcards
Hesiod
greek poet that flourished in the Iron Age and described a “heroic age” where men misled with gods and powerful kingdoms fought
Heinrich Schliemann
in the late 19th century he was an archaeologist who believed that greek myths were true and found these places in Greece. he found troy.
Mycenae
the Bronze Age. Athens was last of Mycenae culture. age of heroes.
thalassocracy
empire by the sea
palace at Knossos
palace on island of Crete. was a creation center for pottery and metalworks. huge. had lots of paintings. long twisty hallways.
linear B
script used my mycenaean greeks. it was deciphered. it was just lists. its relationship with Linear A shows that Minoan commercial activity engaged the mainland of Greece.
mycenaean citadels
well populated center for trade and government
sea peoples
group of invaders who destroyed Egypt and possibly mycenaean Greece.
aristoi
best men
polis
city state
the academy
founded by plato as informal school
republic
book of dialogues(socrates is main character) in it plato argues that social harmony and order are more important than individual liberty or equality
“philosopher kings”
members of ruling elites who try to apply philosophy into excursive of power
Aristotle
student of plato, taught politics, ethics, and the pursuit of happiness
empirical knowledge
sensory experience/feeling and observing
Pericles
aristocrat from very prestigious family advocated foreign policy that directed away from being alliances with Sparta. adopted aggressive policies.
delian league
group of greek polis who allied together during greco-persian wars. Athens+Sparta
Peloponnesian league
sparta and their allies during Peloponnesian wars
Thucydides
historian. father of scientific history. remembers for his collections of materials and writings during Peloponnesian war
Alcibiades
young aristocrats who’s idea it was to attack Sicily to help allies but then ended up killing thousands of athenians.
khora
land surrounding agora, under control of polis
synoikismos
“bringing together of dwellings” incorporating various villages and sanctuaries into larger polis
agora
a social center for trade/ markets/ assemblies
areopagus
council of government that elected city officials
drakon
created written laws for Athens but was too harsh
Solon
grants power. created social and political and economic reforms
peisistratos
tyrant, redistributed aristocratic land to the poor, built a navy
cleisthenes
broke aristocracy, reinstitures solons reforms, divides Athens into ten political districts, demes
hoplite
citizen solider, equipped themselves, had spears and swords
hoplon
shield that hoplites used
phalanx
formation that hoplites used. carrying hoplons close together, and leaning on each other to create a wall. hard to pull off but almost impossible to beat
Herodotus
regarded greeks and persians as great people. was first person that we know of to write down his collections. couldve been biased because he was greek
trireme
versatile warship, three banks of oars, athenians used this to their advantage
miltiades
athenian general during battle of marathon. very cunning
Xerxes
son of Darius(persian) prepared invasion on Greece to avenge his fathers shame
battle of marathon
greeks were outnumbered by persians. sparta was in religious festival so they couldn’t help. greeks won according to Herodotus
battle of Thermopylae
outnumbered greeks led by sparta confronted Xerxes at mountain pass. greeks held off persians for 3 days. didn’t;t win, but athenians beat persians at sea by faking a retreat
socrates
founder of western philosophy, known for his contribution to ethics, killed for disagreeing w religious, disobeying law of land, and corrupting the youth
plato
founded academy in Athens, founded western political philosophy(republic). argued about social harmonies and order
