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PSY 219W Exam > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Quasi-Experiment

A

Not fully randomizing/IV’s not manipulated

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2
Q

Interval Measurement

A

Equal distances between points, but no absolute 0 (e.g. self-report scale 0-80)

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3
Q

Test-Retest Reliability

A

Getting the same results regardless of when you give the test

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4
Q

Uncontrolled Extraneous Variables

A

E.g. Floors 2 & 4 in nursing home–> different groups

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5
Q

Demand Characteristics

A

Anything that tips the subject off to the hypothesis

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6
Q

When is informed consent not required

A

Minimal risk (e.g. anonymous info, bland info)

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7
Q

Belief Perseverance

A

clinging to a belief even if someone disproves it

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8
Q

Confirmation Bias

A

interpreting info in a way that reaffirms preexisting beliefs

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9
Q

Availability Heuristic

A

events w/ strong emotional ties feel like they happen more often (e.g. casino, airplane crash)

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10
Q

Basic Research

A

No intervention, for the purpose of gaining knowledge

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11
Q

Applied Research

A

Does something to improve people’s life

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12
Q

Crombach’s Coefficient

A

Internal consistency–> how correlated are the items that you are looking at

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13
Q

Observer Bias

A

E.g. coder’s coding predictors and outcome

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14
Q

Construct Validity

A

the extent to which you are actually measuring what you want to measure

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15
Q

Criterion Validity

A

the extent to which a measure is linked to real world behavior

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16
Q

Content Validity

A

how well the items of a measure represent the entire universe of potential outcomes

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17
Q

Face Validity

A

the items of a measure look/feel like they correctly measure what you are looking at

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18
Q

Ordinal Data

A

ordered numerical data w/ different distances between them (e.g. ranked data)

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19
Q

Why don’t you explain hypotheses when giving informed consent?

A

Demand characteristics

20
Q

Tuskegee Study

A

400 black men with syphilis were untreated

21
Q

Willowbrook Study

A

Children intentionally given hepatitis to track the development of a viral infection

22
Q

M-K Ultra Study

A

Subjects given LSD and put in isolation to see if there were military applications for LSD

23
Q

Nuremberg Trials

A

Tried for war crimes–> camp detainees were subjected to experiments

24
Q

Gender of confederate (what kind of variable)

A

Extraneous variable held constant/controlled

25
Q

Type 1 Error

A

Rejecting the null hypothesis when they isn’t a relationship between the variables

26
Q

Type 2 Error

A

Accepting the null hypothesis when a relationship exists between the variables

27
Q

External Validity

A

extent to which results generalize to the real world

28
Q

Ratio Scale

A

two items have a numerical difference/ratio between them (E.g. Kelvin scale, time)

29
Q

Mundane Realism

A

how closely an experiment mirrors real life

30
Q

Internal Validity

A

Degree of precision in manipulating/measuring variables

31
Q

Experimental Realism

A

How emotionally invested subject’s get (E.g. Milgram’s Obedience Study)

32
Q

Nominal Scale

A

mutually exclusive categories w/ no numerical information (E.g. race, gender, ethnicity)

33
Q

Population Sampling

A

sample every person in the population that you want to study (Basically random sampling)

34
Q

Sample

A

Subset of population that actually participates in the study

35
Q

Representative Sample

A

if the sample demographic matches the overall population

36
Q

Random Sampling

A

Everyone has an equal probability of participating in the study

37
Q

Stratified Sampling

A

Making sure that at least 2 variables match the overall population (usually gender/race/ethnicity)

38
Q

Cluster Sampling

A

Randomly selecting clusters and using everyone in that cluster in the study

39
Q

Convenience Sample

A

Subjects consist of people who respond to an advertisement of your study **most used

40
Q

What reduces participant reactivity?

A

Unobtrusive measures

41
Q

Qualitative Study

A

Almost 100% interview

42
Q

Informed Consent

A

Info provided to show respect to the subject

43
Q

Minimal Risk Data

A

E.g. data from archival hospital records

44
Q

Jane Goodall Study

A

Naturalistic observation of chimpanzees

45
Q

Leon Festinger

A

Participant observation study of a cult

PSY 219W Exam (1 decks)

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