Exam 1

Question 1

What is used as a template for protein synthesis?

Answer 1

mature mRNA

Question 2

What conducts protein synthesis?

Answer 2

Ribosome

Question 3

T/F prokaryotes use mRNA as soon as it is made

Answer 3

T

Question 4

Where is mRNA made in eukaryotes?

Answer 4

nucleus

Question 5

Where does protein synthesis take place?

Answer 5

cytoplasm

Question 6

What direction are proteins biosynthesized?

Answer 6

N to C

Question 7

How is the size of a protein estimated?

Answer 7

of amino acids and Molecular mass

Question 8

What are the largest known proteins?

Answer 8

Titans a component of muscle sarcomere

Question 9

What is glycolysis?

Answer 9

Converts Glucose to two pyruvates

Question 10

What is the cast and net yield of glycolysis?

Answer 10

Costs 2 ATP and yields 4 ATP so the net yield is 2 ATP. Also 2 NADH are made

Question 11

Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

Answer 11

Mitochondria

Question 12

How much ATP Can be gained from respiration?

Answer 12

29-32 ATP per glucose

Question 13

Where does most of the energy come from during cellular respiration?

Answer 13

Electron transport chain (34 ATP)

Question 14

What are the precursors leading to glucose?

Answer 14

Lactic Acid and Pyruvate

Question 15

What do all TCA cyles intermediates enter Gluconeogenesis as?

Answer 15

Oxaloacetate

Question 16

how much energy does gloconeogenesis require?

Answer 16

6 ATP

Question 17

To make quick energy what does the body do?

Answer 17

Uses lactate in the cori cycle to convert into glucose for use in the liver

Question 18

What do fermenters produce?

Answer 18

Propioniate Acid

Question 19

In rumenents what is a gluconeogenic precursor?

Answer 19

Propionate

Question 20

What does the oxidation of fatty acids with an odd number of carbons and the oxidation of some amino acids generate?

Answer 20

propionyl CoA

Question 21

What is propionyl CoA converted to?

Answer 21

Succinyl CoA

Question 22

What enzyme does vitamin B12 require in ruminents?

Answer 22

methylmalonyl CoA mutase

Question 23

T/F Health claims on labels are subject to FDA regulation

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What is bran?

Answer 24

Outer shell, byproduct of milling, high in fat

Question 25

Endosperm

Answer 25

Provides energy

Question 26

What does soybean inhibit if it is not processed

Answer 26

Trypsin

Question 27

What does trypsin do?

Answer 27

proteolysis

Question 28

What is soybean high in?

Answer 28

Lysine

Question 29

What part of the soybean is highly digestable for horses?

Answer 29

Soybean Hulls

Question 30

why should cottonseed be limited on the diet?

Answer 30

It has gossypol which can cause sterility in bulls

Question 31

What is canola oil?

Answer 31

Rapeseed with low erusic acid. Protein source

Question 32

What is corn grain high in?

Answer 32

Starch (70%)

Question 33

What do legumes do?

Answer 33

Fix nitogen from air, symbiots with nitrogen fixing bacteria

Question 34

Name some legumes

Answer 34

Alfalfa, clover, birds foot trefoil, Alfalfa most digestable.

Question 35

How digestale are prarie grasses?

Answer 35

low digestability when mature

Question 36

1 calorie equals how many joules?

Answer 36

4.184 J

Question 37

1 oz is how many g?

Answer 37

28.3 g

Question 38

1 oz = how many mL

Answer 38

29.5 ml

Question 39

How much energy does thermogenesis use?

Answer 39

10%

Question 40

What body function expends the most energy?

Answer 40

electrolyte pumps in the cells (55-60%)

Question 41

What does indirect calorimetry use?

Answer 41

consumption of oxygen to estimate heat

Question 42

How do you calculate Metabolic BW?

Answer 42

BW to the 3/4 power

Question 43

How do you find the Maintenence Energy Requirement (MER)?

Answer 43

Kcal Metabolizable Energy/kg BW 3/4 power

Question 44

what is Total Energy Requirement?

Answer 44

Maintainence plus other bodily functions (growth, activity, environment, reproduction, lactation)

Question 45

What is the Gross Energy energy value from fat?

Answer 45

9.4 kcal GE/g

Question 46

What is the gross energy of a protein?

Answer 46

5.7 kcal/g

Question 47

What is the GE of a carbohydrate?

Answer 47

4.1 kcal/g

Question 48

What is gross energy good for?

Answer 48

When estimating how much gross energy should come from a feed to gain a pound., make a liter of milk, etc.

Question 49

Does wood or corn have less gross energy?

Answer 49

No less Net energy

Question 50

How do we determine energy from a feed?

Answer 50

Digestable Energy

Question 51

what is metabolizable energy?

Answer 51

Better estimate then digestable energy | Gross Energy-Feces-urine-gasses

Question 52

What species has ME been determined for?

Answer 52

Cats, Dogs, swine,poultry

Question 53

What is heat loss called?

Answer 53

Heat Increment

Question 54

What type of numbers does cattle nutrition rely on?

Answer 54

Net Energy which can be applied directly to growth, lactation etc.