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BMS 336 Nutritional Biochemistry > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is used as a template for protein synthesis?

A

mature mRNA

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2
Q

What conducts protein synthesis?

A

Ribosome

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3
Q

T/F prokaryotes use mRNA as soon as it is made

A

T

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4
Q

Where is mRNA made in eukaryotes?

A

nucleus

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5
Q

Where does protein synthesis take place?

A

cytoplasm

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6
Q

What direction are proteins biosynthesized?

A

N to C

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7
Q

How is the size of a protein estimated?

A

of amino acids and Molecular mass

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8
Q

What are the largest known proteins?

A

Titans a component of muscle sarcomere

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9
Q

What is glycolysis?

A

Converts Glucose to two pyruvates

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10
Q

What is the cast and net yield of glycolysis?

A

Costs 2 ATP and yields 4 ATP so the net yield is 2 ATP. Also 2 NADH are made

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11
Q

Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

A

Mitochondria

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12
Q

How much ATP Can be gained from respiration?

A

29-32 ATP per glucose

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13
Q

Where does most of the energy come from during cellular respiration?

A

Electron transport chain (34 ATP)

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14
Q

What are the precursors leading to glucose?

A

Lactic Acid and Pyruvate

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15
Q

What do all TCA cyles intermediates enter Gluconeogenesis as?

A

Oxaloacetate

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16
Q

how much energy does gloconeogenesis require?

A

6 ATP

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17
Q

To make quick energy what does the body do?

A

Uses lactate in the cori cycle to convert into glucose for use in the liver

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18
Q

What do fermenters produce?

A

Propioniate Acid

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19
Q

In rumenents what is a gluconeogenic precursor?

A

Propionate

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20
Q

What does the oxidation of fatty acids with an odd number of carbons and the oxidation of some amino acids generate?

A

propionyl CoA

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21
Q

What is propionyl CoA converted to?

A

Succinyl CoA

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22
Q

What enzyme does vitamin B12 require in ruminents?

A

methylmalonyl CoA mutase

23
Q

T/F Health claims on labels are subject to FDA regulation

A

True

24
Q

What is bran?

A

Outer shell, byproduct of milling, high in fat

25
Q

Endosperm

A

Provides energy

26
Q

What does soybean inhibit if it is not processed

A

Trypsin

27
Q

What does trypsin do?

A

proteolysis

28
Q

What is soybean high in?

A

Lysine

29
Q

What part of the soybean is highly digestable for horses?

A

Soybean Hulls

30
Q

why should cottonseed be limited on the diet?

A

It has gossypol which can cause sterility in bulls

31
Q

What is canola oil?

A

Rapeseed with low erusic acid. Protein source

32
Q

What is corn grain high in?

A

Starch (70%)

33
Q

What do legumes do?

A

Fix nitogen from air, symbiots with nitrogen fixing bacteria

34
Q

Name some legumes

A

Alfalfa, clover, birds foot trefoil, Alfalfa most digestable.

35
Q

How digestale are prarie grasses?

A

low digestability when mature

36
Q

1 calorie equals how many joules?

A

4.184 J

37
Q

1 oz is how many g?

A

28.3 g

38
Q

1 oz = how many mL

A

29.5 ml

39
Q

How much energy does thermogenesis use?

A

10%

40
Q

What body function expends the most energy?

A

electrolyte pumps in the cells (55-60%)

41
Q

What does indirect calorimetry use?

A

consumption of oxygen to estimate heat

42
Q

How do you calculate Metabolic BW?

A

BW to the 3/4 power

43
Q

How do you find the Maintenence Energy Requirement (MER)?

A

Kcal Metabolizable Energy/kg BW 3/4 power

44
Q

what is Total Energy Requirement?

A

Maintainence plus other bodily functions (growth, activity, environment, reproduction, lactation)

45
Q

What is the Gross Energy energy value from fat?

A

9.4 kcal GE/g

46
Q

What is the gross energy of a protein?

A

5.7 kcal/g

47
Q

What is the GE of a carbohydrate?

A

4.1 kcal/g

48
Q

What is gross energy good for?

A

When estimating how much gross energy should come from a feed to gain a pound., make a liter of milk, etc.

49
Q

Does wood or corn have less gross energy?

A

No less Net energy

50
Q

How do we determine energy from a feed?

A

Digestable Energy

51
Q

what is metabolizable energy?

A

Better estimate then digestable energy

Gross Energy-Feces-urine-gasses

52
Q

What species has ME been determined for?

A

Cats, Dogs, swine,poultry

53
Q

What is heat loss called?

A

Heat Increment

54
Q

What type of numbers does cattle nutrition rely on?

A

Net Energy which can be applied directly to growth, lactation etc.

BMS 336 Nutritional Biochemistry (1 decks)

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