Exam 1 Flashcards
What 3 components make up Motor Behavior?
Motor Control
Motor Learning
Motor Development
What is motor control?
The study of the neural, physical, and behavioral aspects of movement (typically LE and gait)
What is motor learning?
Refers to the relatively permanent gains in motor skill capability associated with practice or experience (usually UE function; CVA)
What is motor development?
Refers to the continuous, age-related process of change in movement
Motor Control Definition
Ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement
Benefits of Motor Control Theories?
Provides philosophy about how the brain controls movement (predicts how behavior should turn out)
Framework for interpreting behavior (use theory to hypothesize how it will develop)
What are the Motor Control Theories?
Reflex Theory Hierarchical Theory Motor Programming Theories Systems Theories Ecological Theory
What are control parameters?
Factors that impact attractor state (speed that forces you to run)
Infant Behavior and Development Reflex
When submerged in water, stepping pattern reappears
Added fat mass prevents the step from occurring
Older infants stop stepping when weight is added to the limbs
As the mass is taken away in water, the stepping motion reappears
Dynamical Systems Theory
Movement emerges from the interactions between the individual, the task, and the environment in which the task is being carried out
Movement is not solely the result of the muscle - specific motor programs, or stereotyped reflexes, but results from a dynamic interplay between perceptual, cognitive, and actions systems (neuromuscular and musculoskeletal system)
Systems Theories Clinical Implications
Stresses understanding body as mechanical system
Movement is emergent property
Retraining movement in patients with neural pathology
What components make up the Nature of a Movement?
Task
Individual
Environment
What factors impact the Task?
Mobility
Postural Control
Upper Extremity Function
What factors impact the Individual?
Cognitive
Sensory/Perception: essential to
Motor/Action:
What factors impact the Environment?
Regulatory
Nonregulatory
Motor/Action (Individual)
Study of the neuromuscular and biomechanical systems that control functional movements
Sensory/Perceptual Systems (Individual)
Essential to control of functional movement
Perception: integration of sensory impressions into psychologically meaningful information
Provide information about the state of the body
Integral to ability to act effectively within an environment
Cognitive Systems (Individual)
Essential to motor control
Attention, planning, problem-solving, motivation, and emotional aspects of motor control that underlie establishment of intent or goals
Have patients walk and cross over an obstacle
Categories of Movement (The Task)
Discrete vs Continuous
Stability vs Mobility
Manipulation
Closed vs Open Movement Tasks
Categories of Movement (The Environment)
Regulatory Factors (ball, BOS)
Non-Regulatory Factors (lights, cheering)
Open vs Closed
What are the phases of the Integration of Movement Analysis?
Initial conditions: Posture; Ability to interact with the environment; Environmental Context
Preparation: Stimulus Identification; Response Selection; Response Programming
Initiation: Timing; Direction; Smoothness
Execution: Amplitude; Direction; Speed; Smoothness
Termination: Timing; Stability; Accuracy
Outcome: Outcome Achieved?
Body functions
Physiological functions of body systems
Body Structures
Anatomical parts of the body
Impairments
Problems in body function or structure such as a significant deviation or loss