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Aircraft Systems AVP 221 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

Ch. 1-5

1
Q

The fulcrum is at one end of the lever and the weight or resistance to be overcome is at the other end, with effort applied at some point between.

A

Third-Class Levers

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2
Q

Meaning to occupy space

A

Volume

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3
Q

What are the advantages of a wet sump system, compared to a dry sump?

A

A wet sump is attached to the bottom of the case, it is integral and complete, requiring no external parts and fittings to complicate installation and maintenance

No second (scavenge) pump is required

Chance of oil pump failure us reduced

This system can be operated in much colder ambient temperatures w/o concern that the oil congeal in the external lines

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4
Q

quantity which is useful when describing matter, especially when in the liquid or gaseous state

A

Density

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5
Q

Newton 3rd law

A

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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6
Q

has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape.

A

gas

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7
Q

What is the relationship between aviation grade number and SAE numbers for lubricating oil?

A

Society of Automotive engineers divides all oils into groups according to viscosity at either 130F or 210F

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8
Q

Whagt forces are used to feather a propeller?

A

Centrifugal force

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9
Q

Resistance to motion is greatly reduced if an object is mounted on wheels or rollers

A

Rolling Friction

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10
Q

Prevents the escape of gas past the piston during engine operation

A

Compression Ring

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11
Q

Has a definite volume, but they take the shape of the containing vessel.

A

liquids

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12
Q

measure of the inertia of a body, and therefore is a measure of the quantity of matter associated with the body

A

Mass

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13
Q

Liquid cooled and air cooled with even number of cylinders. two in-line banks generally 30-60 degrees apart

A

V-type Engine

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14
Q

Work/Time

A

Power

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15
Q

What distinguishes a liquid from a gas?

A

Liquid has a definite volume, but they take the shape of the containing vessel. Gases not only take the shape of the containing vessel, but they expand and fill the vessel, no matter what it’s volume

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16
Q

The useful output of all aircraft powerplants is the

A

Force thrust

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17
Q

A feathered propeller will have a blade angle of approximately how many degrees?

A

90%

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18
Q

four-stroke cycle is?

A

Intake, compression, power, exhaust

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19
Q

The indicated horspower minus the brake horsepower

A

Friction Horsepower

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20
Q

What is the function of an augmenter tube?

A

Provide additional cooling airflow, especially for low speed, high power conditions (Climb)

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21
Q

How does opening cowl flaps affect engine cooling? Cabin cooling?

A

Open cowl flaps increase cooling over the engine and through the oil cooler

Hot and cold airflow into the cabin is reduced in most single engine installations due to reduced aur pressure inside and in front of the cowling when the cowl flaps are open

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

a force that results from the characteristic of particles of matter that causes attraction or pull on other particles of matter

A

Gravitation

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24
Q

Prevent leakage of gas pressure from the combustion chamber and reduce to a minimum the seepage of oil into the combustion chamber

A

Piston Ring

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25
Q

What is Force X Distance

A

Work

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26
Q

How are the cylinder walls lubricated in a typical opposed engine?

A

Oil sprayed from the crankshaft and crankpin bearings

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27
Q

How does the cowling contribute to the engine cowling?

A

Designed to force air over the cylinder cooling fins

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28
Q

The foundation of an engine.

A

Crankcase

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29
Q

The rate of doing work or the terms of work accomplished per unit of time

A

Power

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30
Q

Value of pressure of the standard day atmosphere at sea level

A

29.92 In of mercury

76 cm of mercury

  1. 7 psi
  2. 25 mb

34 ft of water

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31
Q

Basic components of a aircraft propeller

A

Blade Tip. The maximum reach of the blade from the center of the propeller hub.

Leading Edge. That part of the blade nearest the boat, which first cuts through the water.

Trailing Edge. That part of the blade farthest from the boat

Cup

Blade Face

Blade Back

Blade Root

Inner Hub

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32
Q

List three types of aircraft engine oils

A

Straight mineral oils-often used in reciprocating engines after overhaul

Ashless dispersant oil-usually replaces mineral oil after the piston rings have seated, as evidenced by decreased oil consumption

Synthetic oil

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33
Q

a substance which changes its shape easily and takes the shape of its container

A

Fluid

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34
Q

With a fixed RPM, does the propeller blade angle of attack increase or decrease as airspeed increases?

A

Decreases

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35
Q

What is the ‘flash point’ of a liquid?

A

Determined by laboratory tests that show the temperature at which a liquid will begin to give off ignitable vapors (flash) and the temperature at which there are sufficient vapors to support a flame

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36
Q

Used for timing of the valves. For a reciprocating to operate properly, each valve must open at the proper time, stay open for the required length of time, and close at the proper time

A

Valve-Operating Mechanism

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37
Q

Basic parts of a reciprocating engine

A

Crankshaft

Cylinders

Pistons

Connecting Rods

Valves

Valve-operating mechanism

Crankcase

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38
Q

List and describe 4 forces which act on an operating propeller.

A

Centrifugal: Outwards from the hub

Torque Bending: Twist, opposite rotations

Thrust Bending: Blades Bend Forward

Aerodynamic Twisting: Rotational Force about the center of pressure that tends to lower the blade angle

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39
Q

Define ‘propeller blade angle.’

A

The angle between the chordline of the blade and the plane of rotation

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40
Q

Portion of the engine in which the power is developed

A

Cylinder

41
Q

Rotates at one-half the crankshaft speed

A

Camshaft

42
Q

The amount of engine life obtained while maintaining the desired reliability

A

Durability

43
Q

the power delivered to the propeller for useful work.

A

Brake Horsepower

44
Q

power developed in the combustion chambers without reference to friction losses within the engine

A

Indicated Horsepower

45
Q

List two types of engine lubrication (oil) pumps. WHich one is on all aircraft reciprocating engines?

A

Dry sump
Wet sump-> all aircraft reciprocating engines

46
Q

When a resistance is overcome by a force acting though a measurable distance

A

Work

47
Q

What component(s) in the governor oppose the force of the speeder spring?

A

Flightweight and the pilot valve

48
Q

What is the ‘cloud point’ of a liquid?

A

Helps indicate suitability

The temperature at which its wax content, normally help in solution, begins to solidify, and separate into tiny crystals causing oil to appear cloudy or hazy

49
Q

Characteristic of matter that resists change in motion(velocity and direction)

A

Inertia

50
Q

What are the four states of matter?

A

Solids, Liquids, Gases, and Plasma

51
Q

provides a place for combustion of the fuel/air mixture and to give the cylinder more heat conductivity for adequate cooling

A

Cylinder heads

52
Q

Has a definite volume and a definite shape

A

Solid

53
Q

The distance the piston moves from one end of the cylinder to the other

A

Stroke

54
Q

List all the useful functions of lubricating oil within the engine

A

Reduces friction
Cushion between metal parts
Absorbs heat from the parts
Reciprocating engines are especially dependent on the oil for cooling
Seal between the piston and the cylinder wall
Reduces abrasive wear
Cleansing the engine

55
Q

The fulcrum at one end: the effort is applied at the other end

A

Second-Class Levers

56
Q

The link which transmits forces between the piston and the crankshaft

A

Connecting rods

57
Q

Consists of a row, or rows of cylinders arranged radially about a central crankshaft

A

Radially Engine

58
Q

What are the differences between inertia and momentum?

A

Inertia: a property of matter by which it continues in its existing state or rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless that state is changed by an external force

Momentum: the quatntity of motion of a moving body, measured as a product of it’s mass and velocity

59
Q

On a shot-field takeoff, what can the pilot do to reduce FHP and thus increase BHP and THP?

A

the break horse power at full throttle to over come any slight FHP

60
Q

List five functions of aircraft engine oil

A

Absorbs heat
Cools the engine
Seals
Reduce abrasive wear
Cleanses the engine

61
Q

A comparison of the weight of the substance to the weight of an equal volume of distilled water at a specified temperature

A

Specific Gravity

62
Q

Define ‘propeller angle of attack.’

A

The angle between a line drawn along the face of the propeller blade and a line scribed by the plane of rotation

63
Q

Two banks of cylinder opposite each other with a crankshaft in the center. Low weight to horsepower ratio. Its comparative free from vibration

A

Opposed or O-type Engine

64
Q

Acts as a moving wall within the combustion chamber

A

Piston

65
Q

Genreal requirements for all engines

A

efficiency, economy, and reliability

66
Q

Three kinds of friction are?

A

Static, Dynamic, and Rolling

67
Q

Define effective and geometric pitch of a propeller.

A

Effective: the distance it actually advances

Geometric: distance a propeller should advance in one revolution

68
Q

Made up of very hot ionized gas

A

Plasma

69
Q

The ability to do work

A

Energy

70
Q

The resistance to motion offered by an object sliding over a surface

A

Dynamic(Sliding) Friction

71
Q

Newtons 1st Law

A

Objects at rest will remain at rest

72
Q

name commonly used for the gravitational force of attraction between the earth and a body(mass) near the earth

A

Weight

73
Q

Joins the piston to the connecting rod

A

Piston Pin

74
Q

What kind of lever is your forearm

A

3rd Class

75
Q

What is the most effective propeller angle of attack for take off?

A

15%

76
Q

What kind of lever is a hydraulic wobble pump handle?

A

3rd Class

77
Q

List and define all types of propellers

A

Fixed-Pitch Propeller- The blade is generally not changed after the propeller is built

Ground-Adjustable Propeller-The pitch or blade angle can be changed when the propeller is not turning

Controllable-Pitch Propeller-permits a change of blade or angle while the proppeler is rotating

Constant-Speed Propeller-designed to automatically change its blade pitch to allow it to maintain a constant RPM, irrespective of the amount of engine torque being produced or the airspeed or altitude at which the aircraft is flying.

Reverse-Pitch Propeller-acontrollable propeller in which the blade angle can be changed to a negative value during operation

Feathering Propeller-controllable propeller having a mechanism to change the pitch to an angle so that forward aircraft motion produces a minimum windmilling effect on a “power-off” propeller

Tractor Propeller-mounted on the up-stream end of a drive shaft in front of the supporting structure

Pusher Propellers-mounted on the downstream end of a drive shaft behind the supporting structure

78
Q

Define ‘propeller slip.’

A

The difference between geometric and effective pitch

79
Q
A

Examples to know

80
Q

The fulcrum is located between the effort and the resistance

A

First-Class Levers

81
Q

Regulates thickness of the oil film on the cylinder wall

A

Oil Control rings

82
Q

The result of the engine and the propeller working together

A

Thrust Horsepower

83
Q

Briefly outline the difference in operation for a light single engine and multi-engine aircraft propeller system.

A

Single: constant speed, non-feathering

Multi: constant speed, feathering

84
Q

Newtons 2nd law

A

When forces act upon a body, the momentum of the body can be changed

85
Q

The section to which the connecting rod is attached

A

Crankpin

86
Q

Four type of reciprocating engines

A

In-line, Opposed, V-type, and Radial

87
Q

What 3 energy forms does the recipricating engine utilize or convert?

A

Chemical

Heat

Mechanical

88
Q

Why is viscosity important when selecting a lubricant?

A

Resistance of oil to flow

89
Q

Generally has even # of cylinders, small frontal area and better adapted to streamlining

A

In-Line Engines

90
Q

The ability to convert fuel into heat energy then into mechanical energy by the flow of some fluid mass through the engine

A

Heat Engine

91
Q

The resistance of an oil to flow

A

Viscosity

92
Q

Under what conditions would a dry sump system be advantageous, over a wet sump?

A

During radial engings because oil cannot be carried inside the engine itself

During inverted flight

93
Q

What is the difference between satic and dynamic balancing?

A

Static: a propeller suspended by a drawstring

Dynamic: Electrical machine w/ vibration analysis of the aircraft

94
Q

What kind of lever is the A/C control yoke withr espect to aileron movement

A

2nd Class

95
Q

any device with which work may be accomplished. transforms energy

A

Machine

96
Q

The backbone of the reciprocating engine. Tranforms the recipricating motion of the piston and connecting rod into rotary motion for the rotation of the propeller

A

Crankshaft

97
Q

Define thermal shock.

A

Occurs when engine parts that are operating at high temperatures are quickly cooled

98
Q

What are the differences between a two position and a ground adjustable propeller?

A

Ground Adjustable: operates as a fixed pitch propeller; can only be changed whent he propeller is not turning

Two-position controllable propeller: Permits a change of blade pitch, or angle, while the propeller is rotating

99
Q

The force necesary to start the body moving slowly

A

Static(Starting) Friction

Aircraft Systems AVP 221 (3 decks)

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