Exam 1 Flashcards
The part of the adrenal gland that secretes corticoids
Adrenal cortex
The inner portion of the adrenal gland that secretes catecholamines
Adrenal medulla
Activated the adrenal cortex to secrete corticoid hormones
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
The primary mineralocorticoid secreted from the adrenal cortex that is responsible for an increase in blood pressure
Aldosterone
The exit point for unusable food substances
Anal opening
Controls such body processes as hormone balance, temperature, and width of blood vessels
Autonomic nervous system
Unnecessary muscle tension
Bracing
Part of the subcortex responsible for coordination
Cerebellum
The upper part of the brain responsible for thinking functions
Cerebral cortex
Released by hypothalamus and results in the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone
Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)
The primary glucocorticoid secreted from the adrenal cortex that is responsible for an increase in blood glucose
Cortisol
Part of the subcortex responsible for regulation of the emotions
Diencephalon
Comprised of hormones that regulate physiological functions
Endocrine system
A catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla
Epinephrine
The food pipe
Esophagus
The electrodermal response or the electrical conductance of the skin
Galvanic skin response (GSR)
The body system responsible for digestion
Gastrointestinal (GI) system
Regulate metabolism of glucose
Glucocorticoids
The production of glucose from amino acids by the liver
Gluconeogenesis
The cerebral cortex
Gray matter
The part of the brain that “sounds the alarm” that stress is present
Hippocampus
A substance found in the digestive system that helps break down food for digestion
Hydrochloric acid
Part of the diencephalon that activates the autonomic nervous system
Hypothalamus
Part of the digestive system that receives unusable food substances from the small intestine
Large intestine
Produces emotions; the “seat of emotions”
Limbic system
Part of the subcortex responsible for the regulation of the heartbeat and breathing
Medulla oblongata
Regulate the balance between sodium and potassium
Mineralocorticoids
A catecholamine secretes by the adrenal medulla
Norepinephrine
A hormone secreted by the pituitary gland
Oxytocin
Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for conserving energy
Parasympathetic nervous system
Part of the subcortex responsible for regulating sleep
Pons
A network of nerves that connects the mind and body
Reticular activating system (RAS)
Substance in the mouth that starts to break down food
Saliva
Muscles attached to bones
Skeletal muscles
Part of the digestive system into which the esophagus empties
Small intestine
Muscles that control the contraction of internal organs
Smooth muscles
The lower part of the brain responsible for various physiological processes necessary to stay alive
Subcortex
Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for expending energy
Sympathetic nervous system
Part of the diencephalon that relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex
Thalamus
An endocrine gland that secretes the hormone thyroxin
Thyroid gland
Stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxin
Thyrotropic hormone (TTH)
Released by hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete thyrotropic hormone
Thyrotropic hormone releasing factor (TRF)
A hormone secreted by the pituitary gland
Vasopressin (ADH)
Allostatic load
The cumulative biological wear and tear that results from responses to stress that seek to maintain body equilibrium
Autogenic training
A relaxation technique that involves a sensation of heaviness, warmth, and tingling in the limbs
Distress
Bad things to which one has to adapt and that can lead to a stress reaction
Eustress
Good things to which one has to adapt and that can lead to a stress reaction
Fight or flight response
The body’s stress reaction that includes an increase in heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol
General adaptation syndrome
The three stages of stress reaction described by Hans Selye
Neuromuscular relaxation
Another term for progressive relaxation
Progressive relaxation
A relaxation technique that involves contracting and relaxing muscle groups throughout the body
Relaxation response
A series of bodily changes that reverse the effects of the stress reaction
Strain
The physical, psychological, and behavioral outcomes of stress reactivity
Stressor
Something with the potential to cause a stress reaction
Stress
The combination of a stressor, stress reactivity, and strain
