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Comm105 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is argumentation

A

A form of instrumental communication relying on reasoning and prove to influence believe or behavior through with the use of spoken or written messages

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2
Q

What are Wenzel’s perspectives?

A

Rhetorical’s perspective, dialectic perspective, logical perspective

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3
Q

What is rhetorical perspective

A

Focuses on the arguers strategies for creating arguments and adapting them to the audience by relating context and content; Produces the uninterrupted exposition of a speech

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4
Q

What is dialectic perspective

A

Focuses on principles and procedures that encourage the give and take necessary for the critical study of a topic; produces a dialogue, a conversation

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5
Q

What is logical perspective

A

Offers a series of formal rules for distinguishing sound arguments from unsound ones; Emphasizes accuracy in both proof and reasoning

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6
Q

What is informal logic

A

Argumentation is described as this because it does not lead to absolute conclusions

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7
Q

What are the three artistic proofs

A

Ethos, logos, pathos

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8
Q

What is ethos

A

Credibility of the rhetor

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9
Q

What is pathos

A

Emotions or passions of the audience

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10
Q

What is logos

A

Logical appeals to rationality or intellect

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11
Q

What is the ELM theory

A

A theory about how audiences respond to messages

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12
Q

Central route

A

You are involved to a high extent; the quality of arguments, reasoning, and evidence matters most

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13
Q

Peripheral route

A

The message has relevance to you and serves as your reason for involvement

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14
Q

What are ethics

A

Indicates the moral choices a person makes

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15
Q

What are teological ethics

A

Based on the outcomes or ends of communication

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16
Q

What are deontological ethics

A

Based on a set of absolutes that differentiate between right and wrong ( basically a code of ethics)

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17
Q

What is a field of argumentation

A

A social or professional context in which people argue to make decisions or build a body of knowledge

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18
Q

What is a field dependent

A

Specific to that particular field alone

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19
Q

What is a field invariant

A

Things that do not change as you move from field to field

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20
Q

What is presumption

A

Specifies who occupies the ground at the beginning of the controversy; the opponent initially occupies the figurative ground; it only describes, does not judge the value or lack of value of the existing believes, institutions, laws, ideas, or policies

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21
Q

What is natural presumption

A

Derives from the observation of the natural order of whatever field we find ourselves in at a given time

22
Q

What is artificial presumption

A

In the legal system, it demonstrates how presumption is influenced by a field

23
Q

What is burden of proof

A

The application of the advocate to contest the ground by offering arguments that are logically sufficient to challenge presumption

24
Q

Who takes the burden of proof

A

The advocate; present beliefs and behaviors described by presumption are judged and evaluated on the basis of available evidence and an alternative as proposed

25
Q

What is prima facie

A

Causes us to suspend our reliance on presumption as a guide for belief or behavior unless it is successfully changed; justifies a change in believe or behavior

26
Q

Who presents prima Facie

A

The advocate; the form and content of the arguments offered determine the face value of the advocates case

27
Q

What is locus of disagreement

A

The point at which your position diverges with someone else’s position; in the proposition, the locus is where we start a debate

28
Q

What is inherency

A

The problem cannot be removed or separated from and is inevitable and a vital to the question within the proposition

29
Q

Attitudinal inherency

A

The cause is found in the beliefs of a field

30
Q

Structural inherency

A

The cause is found in behaviors that operationalize said believes

31
Q

What are propositions

A

A statement that identifies the argumentative grounds and points to the change in belief or behavior sought by the advocate

32
Q

Factual proposition

A

Either it is true or it is false, no in between

33
Q

Singular value proposition

A

There is one single choice and that is the only option

34
Q

Comparative value proposition

A

There are two choices, compare them and choose one

35
Q

Policy proposition

A

A fact or value, and how to solve it

36
Q

Definitional proposition

A

Opponents as well as the judges of the argument must understand the terms and agree on their definition

37
Q

Types of definitions

A

Equivocal, vague, technical, new, coined

38
Q

What is the Toulmin’s model and what is the object of it

A

Breaks down an argument into six parts; the object is to weigh and support points Both for and against the topic

39
Q

What are the components of the primary triad

A

Claim, what you hope to prove; evidence, support and rationalization for the claim; warrant, helps draw connection between claim and evidence (often unspoken)

40
Q

What are the components of the secondary triad

A

Backing, provides support for the warrant; rebuttal, potential objection to the claim; qualifiers, allows you to adjust and add specifiers to your claim making it a stronger argument, claim cannot be probable

41
Q

What does the Toulmin’s model do for us

A

Forces you to think beyond your claim to want it stands upon, requires that you anticipate and consider possible rebottles to your claim, uses logical structure

42
Q

What is evidence

A

Information taken from material of fact or opinion, used to establish the probable truth of a claim

43
Q

Fact evidence

A

Can be verified as true or false; reports what is observed

44
Q

Opinion evidence

A

The interpretation or evaluation statement of an expert in a field of regarding facts that are pertinent to that field

45
Q

Statistic evidence

A

Present descriptive and inferential information about people, events or phenomena in a numeric format

46
Q

Premises evidence

A

Factual evidence that is excepted because it reflects human belief or experience

47
Q

Artifact evidence

A

Actual exhibits of objects, audio tapes or video tapes, or photographs presented for verification by the audience

48
Q

Scientific evidence

A

The results of controlled experiments on the inferred effect of one variable on another

49
Q

Primary evidence

A

Evidence from the person who did the research or observed the event first hand

50
Q

Secondary evidence

A

Evidence discovered once removed from the event

Comm105 (1 decks)

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