Exam 1

Question 1

What is the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific hypothesis?

Answer 1

Hypothesis- a suggested explanation for an observable phenomenon, or a reasoned prediction of a possible causal correlation among multiple phenomena.

Theory- a tested, well-substantiated, unifying explanation for a set of verified, proven factors

Question 2

What is the difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 2

Prokaryotic- complex, have membrane-enclosed organelles

Eukaryotic- simple, lack the membrane-enclosed organelles

Question 3

List the steps of the scientific method

Answer 3

• observation
• hypothesis
• experiment/test
• result
• conclusion

Question 4

Molly leaves for school at 7:00am. Molly is always on time. Molly, assumes, then, that she will be on time if she leaves at 7:00am. This is known as what kind of reasoning?

Answer 4

Inductive reasoning - proceeds from the specific to the general

Question 5

Give an example of:

a) an element
b) a trace element
c) an essential element

Answer 5

a) Na, K, Li, Mg
b) C, N, O
c) Fe, I, Zn

Question 6

Name 7 characteristics that all living organisms share

Answer 6

• order
• evolutionary adaptation
• response to the environment
• reproduction
• energy processing
• regulation
• growth and development

Question 7

What bond results from unequal sharing of electrons?

Answer 7

Covalent bond

Question 8

In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by

Answer 8

Polar covalent bonds

Question 9

What allows hydrogen bonds to form?

Answer 9

when a partially postive hydrogen atom in a polar covalent bond is attracted to a partially negative atom in another polar covalent bond

Question 10

Relative to other temperatures, water tends to resist changes in temperature. Why?

Answer 10

Water is highly cohesive. Its molecules tend to resist increases in motion. When water is heated, some of the energy is used to disturb the hydrogen bonds bonds between neighboring molecules.

Question 11

Why does ice float?

Answer 11

Because it is less dense than water

Question 12

The bonds that are broken when water vaporizes are _______

Answer 12

Hydrogen bonds

Question 13

Water is a polar molecule. This means that _____

Answer 13

it cam form hydrogen bonds with each other

Question 14

What are buffers?

Answer 14

a solution that can resist pH change upon the addition of an acidic or basic components

Question 15

What are polymers made of?

Answer 15

monomers

Question 16

the process of joining two molecules, or compounds, together following the removal of water

Answer 16

dehydration synthesis

Question 17

monomer of carbohydrates

Answer 17

monosaccharides

Question 18

polymers of carbohydrates

Answer 18

polysaccharides

Question 19

carbohydrate linkage

Answer 19

glycosidic linkage

Question 20

monomers of lipids

Answer 20

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 21

polymers of lipids

Answer 21

triaclyglycerols

Question 22

Lipid linkage

Answer 22

Ester linkage

Question 23

monomers of proteins

Answer 23

amino acids

Question 24

polymers of proteins

Answer 24

polypeptide

Question 25

protein linkage

Answer 25

peptide bonds

Question 26

monomers of nucleic acids

Answer 26

amino acids

Question 27

polymers of nucleic acids

Answer 27

polynucleotides

Question 28

Nucleic Acid linkage

Answer 28

phosphodiester linkages

Question 29

Of what are fatty acids composed?

Answer 29

three fatty acids and one glycerol

Question 30

Which of the following is the strongest evidence that protein structure and function are correlated?

A) proteins function best at certain temperatures
B) Enzymes tend to be globular in shape
C) Proteins have 4 distinct levels of structure and many functions
D) Denatured (unfolded) proteins do not function normally

Answer 30

D) Denatured (unfolded) proteins do not function normally

Question 31

The R-group, or side chain, of the amino acid serine is -CH2-OH. The R-group of the amino acid leucine is -CH2-CH-(CH3)2. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution?

Answer 31

Serine would be in the interior, and leucine would be on the exterior of the globular protein.

Question 32

Which molecule is amphipathic?

Answer 32

Amino acid

Question 33

You have isolated a liquid from a sample of beans. You add the liquid to a beaker of water and shake vigorously. After a few minutes, the water and the other liquid separate into two layers. To which class of biological macromolecules does the unknown liquid most likely belong?

Answer 33

lipids

Question 34

assist in the proper folding of other proteins

Answer 34

chaperonin

Question 35

tendency of atoms to prefer 8 electrons in their outer shell (chemically stable/”happy”)

Answer 35

octet rule

Question 36

forms when atoms share electrons in order to satisfy the octet rule

Answer 36

covalent bond