Exam 1 Flashcards
What is histology?
Study of the microscopic structure and function of tissues and organs.
What are the three sectional planes?
Transverse, frontal, and longitudinal.
What is another word for longitudinal?
Sagittal
What is fixation?
Killing of the sample.
What is embedding?
Gives sample firmness. (ex: paraffin)
What charge are basic dyes? Give an example.
Positive. Hematoxylin.
What charge are acidic dyes? Give an example.
Negative. Eosin.
What type of material do basic dyes bind to? What about acidic dyes?
Basophilic. Acidophilic.
What is immunocytochemistry? Know the process.
Indirect method of visualizing proteins using primary and secondary antibodies.
What is the advantage of immunocytochemistry?
Signal enhancement.
What is confocal microscopy?
Optically sectioning of samples.
What’s the difference between SEM and TEM?
SEM creates a 3-D image while TEM shows thinly sliced sections.
What is the typical structure size of animal cells? What about their nuclei?
10-100 microns. 5-50 microns.
What is the typical width of a mitochondria?
0.5-1 microns.
What is the typical width of a cell membrane?
7 nm.
What are the limits of resolution for the human eye? What about light microscopy and electron microscopy?
0.2 mm. 0.2 microns. 0.2 nm.
What is ‘d’ in Abbe’s equation?
The distance between resolvable objects.
How do you decrease d in order to increase resolution?
Make the wavelength smaller.
Which of the four tissue types has the most ECM? Which two have the least? What’s in the middle?
Connective. Nerve and epithelium. Muscle.
What are epithelium’s cardinal features?
Tightly packed cells with low ECM. Intercellular junctions. Apical basal polarity. Rests on basal lamina.
What junctions are found in the junctional complex? List from apical to basal.
Tight, adherence, desmosome, gap, and hemidesmosome.
What is the typical width of a microfilament? Microtubule?
6 nm. 20-25 nm.
What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?
Exocrine is connected to a duct.
What is the difference between simple and compound ducts?
The ducts of simple glands are not branched.
What is the difference between tubular and alveolar/acinar glands?
Tubular are oval-shaped, acinar are spherical.
What are CT’s resident cells?
Fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, stem cells.
What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
Reduces fluidity of the membrane.
What does osmium tetroxide stain on the cell membrane? What does this create?
Stains phospholipid heads. Creates trilaminar structure.
What is freeze fracture?
Process of splitting a membrane at hydrophobic tails into inner and outer leaflet.
What are the faces exposed in a freeze fracture? Which one has more proteins?
E face (outer) and P face (inner). P face.
This type of endocytosis brings in large molecules.
Phagocytosis.
This type of pinocytosis involves clathrin.
Receptor mediated.
What are lysosomes made by?
Golgi.
What are the ER functions?
Protein synthesis, transport, detox, and calcium storage.
What is the process called when an SRP bings to a signal peptide on a free ribosome?
Docking of the ribosome.
Is the cis side of the golgi farther or closer to the ER?
Closer.
What do the nuclear lamins make up? What are they composed of?
Nuclear lamina. Intermediate filaments.
