exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
geography is the study of people, place, environment and
A
space
2
Q
the uniqueness of a location and its shaping refers to
A
place
3
Q
the terraced rice fields of Ifugao Province in the Philippines is an example of
A
cultural landscape
4
Q
the physical context of the earth refers to
A
environment
5
Q
what do abstract connections and constructs of time, distance and relations refer to
A
space
6
Q
the two major fields of study within geography are physical geography and
A
human geography
7
Q
what is a physical geographer study
A
climate and landforms
8
Q
considering and understanding the context of what is going on in the world
A
thinking geographically
9
Q
research in new regional geography sees regions as
A
human constructs
10
Q
the study of oxisols in the tropics is an example of research and understanding in
A
regional geography
11
Q
using physical geography to define world regions, a geographer may us
A
location
12
Q
what does MAUP stand for
A
modifiable areal unit problem
13
Q
what is an area of land distinguished by either cultural or physical traits or criteria
A
formal region
14
Q
a climate region of the world is a
A
formal region
15
Q
a public school district in the united states is a
A
functional region
16
Q
a region that people may imagine exist, such as “Dixie,” is a
A
perceptual region
17
Q
a name of a place, or a place-name, is referred to as a
A
toponym
18
Q
the perception of a place refers to a way people construct their ideas about
A
what a place is like
19
Q
what is the degree of contact between people and places
A
spatial interaction
20
Q
we can see places that were tied together and places that were not by studying
A
historical spatial interaction
21
Q
the map of work religions demonstrates the role of _____ diffusion of ideas
A
expansion
22
Q
the spread of Christianity from its hearth in Jerusalem to people and lands along the northern Mediterranean Sea is a good example of
A
hierarchical diffusion
23
Q
globalization included colonial empires such as the Ottoman in Southwest Asia, the French in Maghreb and the
A
Japanese in the Pacific
24
Q
the sub discipline of geography concerned with the construction of maps
A
cartography
25
T/F: fieldwork and field studies are still critical to research by geographers in the 21st century
true
26
there are two basic types of maps: thematic and
reference
27
relative locations of places are shown on what type of map
thematic
28
T/F: all maps are distorted in area size or direction or both. they are all inaccurate
true
29
collecting data for research or mapping by using instruments that are far from the area of study is called
remote sensing
30
interpreting the impact of tectonic activity on the landforms of East Africa would probably be the work of a
physical geographer
31
the visible imprint of people on the surface of the earth is seen in the
cultural landscape
32
one method of finding absolute location on a map is by using
GIS
33
which of the following describes the process of heightening interactions, increasing interdependence, and deepening relations across country boundaries
globalization
34
identify the correct trade flow in the triangular trading system amongst Europe-->Africa-->the Americas-->Europe, which ultimately help establish the foundations of the capitalized world economy
manufactured foods, slaves, commodities (cotton, tobacco, rice, etc)
35
in early history (dating back to the Greeks and Romans), the primary purpose or reason for colonialism was:
need for resources and tribute
36
the first wave of colonialism was sparked by these European colonial powers
Spain and Portugal
37
there were two waves of colonialism between 1500 and 1975. which is not true of the first wave (1500-1825)?
economies were focused on tourism
38
colonizers focused on gaining lands to establish large-scale agricultural production in the americas and to establish trading posts for the Atlantic slave trade in Africa and ports for the spics trade in Asia. What best describes this trading system?
it had a global reach
39
what does the term scramble for Africa refer to
European powers arbitrarily divided the world's second largest continent among themselves
40
what fueled the second wave of colonization in the second half of the nineteenth century
industrialization
41
which is not consistent with strong globalization
states (countries) play an increasingly significant role in world trade
42
modern colonialism began in fifteenth-century Europe. It was different from the Roman or any other preceding empire because the focus in this modern era was specifically on gaining
territory
43
during the age of exploration, stretching from the 1400s to the 1900s, which of the following regions was the focal point for global trade and exchange of culture
Atlantic
44
what is not one of the three financial institutions that came into existence as a result of the Bretton Woods conference at the close of WWII
International Reserve Bank
45
to "maintain international peace and security," "to develop friendly relations among nations," "to achieve international cooperation" in order to solve economic and social problems, and to "be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends," was the mission statement for this organization following WWII
the United Nations
46
in 1945, following the world wars, this organization had 51 members countries; in 2015, membership has grown to 193 members
the United Nations
47
what is practical result of the UN Security Council being dominated by only five countries (the United States, France, the UK, China, and Russia) with permanent seats and veto power
the security council's decisions are some of the most politicized
48
which of the following is a term often used by geographers to describe the dominance of one state on the global stage
hegemon
49
political scientists outlined four hegemons between 1500 and 2000. select the correct match of country and century below
Spain--1500s; the Netherlands--1600s; Great Britain--1700s and 1800s; and the United States--1900s
50
why do some scholars think China will supersede the United Sates as the dominant world superpower
China has grown as a global epicenter of manufacturing, and its entrepreneurs are some of the biggest investors in the world
51
the process of a company adapting its product to meet the demands of local culture is known as
glocalization
52
the relative importance of cities over smaller towns and rural areas is referred to as
urban hierarchies
53
which of the following describes a type of transportation network where a few large, central nodes are connected to smaller points
hub-and-spoke system
54
according to a 2008 European Commission study, what percentage of the world's population is more than two days' travel time from a city of 50,000 people or more
10 percent
55
transportation networks may be intentionally designed to
enhance connectivity for some communities while marginalizing
56
which of the following is the most remote place in the world (in terms of the number of people who live far from a city of 50,000 or more)?
the Tibetan Plateau
57
approximately, how many landlocked countries are in the world
above 40
58
what is the cheapest method to transport heavy goods and materials
by sea
59
landlocked countries face particular exporting problems because both time and money are required to cross country borders, making transportation:
expensive
60
although people in remote locations have gained connection through internet access and mobile phone usage, there is a notable disparity between the average bandwidth and accessibility, creating what is referred to as the
digital divide
61
which of the following describes the process that accelerates the experience of time and reduces the significance of distance in information technology networks
time-space compression
62
which of the following pairs are two of the wealthiest countries in the world that are also landlocked
Luxembourg and Switzerland
63
suburbs, large roads, limited sidewalks and a near lack of public transportation characterize the United States. these aspects are largely the result of
inexpensive oil prices
64
in general, Americans change their behavior by increasing their use of public transportation and purchasing more fuel efficient vehicles:
in response to a significant increase in gasoline prices
65
local factors have a significant influence on a place; two geographic terms that describe these local factors are:
site and situation
66
which of the following is the negative impact on a region from economic growth in another region
backwash effect
67
the influence of human behavior on earth since the Industrial Revolution in the late 1700s is so significant that is constitutes a new geological era called the
anthropocene
68
the effects of global climate change will be distributed unevenly across the planet. which of the following is not a factor contributing to the vulnerability of a group of people
level of education
69
T/F: the Opium War between GB and China originated when the Chinese banned opium sales in China due to public health concerns. however, Britain's main concern was the huge trade deficit it was running with China
true
70
T/F: the world bank was initially created to provide loans for reconstruction and development following WWII
true
71
T/F: due to every sovereign state having a vote, the world bank and international monetary fund (IMF) tend to be more democratic than the United Nations
false
72
T/F: nations within countries are not granted representation in the United Nations, making it difficult for these groups to gain independence. some examples include the kurds of Iran, Iraq, Turkey and Syria; the Tibetans of China; or the Basques of Spain and France
true
73
following WWII, many formerly colonized countries became independent states. where was the greatest concentration of these countries?
Africa and Asia
74
the divide between the global north and the global south is a ____ categorization between wealthy and poorer countries
both socioeconomic and political
75
a number of social scientists suggest that we should measure more than wealth in our assessment of development. what else should we access to economic growth
literacy, life expectancy and infant mortality
76
what tool assess life expectancy, literacy, years of schooling and per capita GNI
Human Development Index
77
one way geographers have thought about scale is by using ____ circles to represent to finest resolution of scale, form the individual at the center out to eh global scale
concentric (like a bulls eye)
78
as a country or area develops, the nature of the economy changes or progress through a series of stages. select the correct order of these states
agricultural, industrial, service
79
most developed countries are located in the northern hemisphere. which of the following are notable exceptions
Australia and New Zealand
80
the ____ per capita is the most widely accepted way of measuring wealth by countries in the world today because the static tries to account for the flow of wealth in our globalized world
gross national income
81
____ (or per person) basis allows comparisons between countries regardless of population size
per capita
82
development ideas that emphasize structure, or the global framework under which countries operate, say that the ___ between countries are as or more important than internal policies for determining the future development of a country
relationships
83
which of the following offers a geography for dependency theory by depicting the world in terms of the core, semi-periphery and periphery
world systems theory
84
the 45 degree line of the ____ curve represents perfect equality, where equal portions of the population control equal amounts of income
Lorenz
85
which of the following is a good example of a country that moved from the periphery to the semi periphery as it increasingly engaged in manufacturing and became a major global exporter, as exemplified by the heavy freight traffic in Hong Kong Harbor?
China
86
what is the poorest country in the western hemisphere
Haiti
87
which country has the highest gross national income (GNI) in South America
Chile
88
which of the following is not true about the earthquake that hit Haiti in 2010
it would have been worse if the country had not enacted tough building codes in 1985
89
as a percentage of GNI, which of the following countries contributes the most total dollars in foreign aid
the United States
90
besides being problematic in its own right, top down development often experienced a lack of ___ that inhibited the longer term sustainability of programs because local people had little interest in maintaining projects they did not initiate or request
participation
91
T/F: geographers have tended to describe development as a process of change in the composition of an economy of a particular region and the well-being of its inhabitants, relative to other ares
true
92
T/F: another way to consider development is to measure the variability of human well-being (education, health, gender equality) in space
true
93
T/F: the new institutions and development programs after WWI set the tone for how we have though about development since
true
94
T/F: t shirt travels demonstrates how a simple act of kindness, donating your old t shirts to the salvation army or goodwill. has resulted in undermining the textile industry in Zambia and other African countries where imported secondhand clothing is more popular than locally made clothing
true
95
large scale map
shows more detail
96
small scale map
shows less detail; a whole area
