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geog 1003 > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

geography is the study of people, place, environment and

A

space

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2
Q

the uniqueness of a location and its shaping refers to

A

place

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3
Q

the terraced rice fields of Ifugao Province in the Philippines is an example of

A

cultural landscape

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4
Q

the physical context of the earth refers to

A

environment

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5
Q

what do abstract connections and constructs of time, distance and relations refer to

A

space

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6
Q

the two major fields of study within geography are physical geography and

A

human geography

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7
Q

what is a physical geographer study

A

climate and landforms

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8
Q

considering and understanding the context of what is going on in the world

A

thinking geographically

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9
Q

research in new regional geography sees regions as

A

human constructs

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10
Q

the study of oxisols in the tropics is an example of research and understanding in

A

regional geography

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11
Q

using physical geography to define world regions, a geographer may us

A

location

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12
Q

what does MAUP stand for

A

modifiable areal unit problem

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13
Q

what is an area of land distinguished by either cultural or physical traits or criteria

A

formal region

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14
Q

a climate region of the world is a

A

formal region

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15
Q

a public school district in the united states is a

A

functional region

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16
Q

a region that people may imagine exist, such as “Dixie,” is a

A

perceptual region

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17
Q

a name of a place, or a place-name, is referred to as a

A

toponym

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18
Q

the perception of a place refers to a way people construct their ideas about

A

what a place is like

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19
Q

what is the degree of contact between people and places

A

spatial interaction

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20
Q

we can see places that were tied together and places that were not by studying

A

historical spatial interaction

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21
Q

the map of work religions demonstrates the role of _____ diffusion of ideas

A

expansion

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22
Q

the spread of Christianity from its hearth in Jerusalem to people and lands along the northern Mediterranean Sea is a good example of

A

hierarchical diffusion

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23
Q

globalization included colonial empires such as the Ottoman in Southwest Asia, the French in Maghreb and the

A

Japanese in the Pacific

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24
Q

the sub discipline of geography concerned with the construction of maps

A

cartography

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25
Q

T/F: fieldwork and field studies are still critical to research by geographers in the 21st century

A

true

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26
Q

there are two basic types of maps: thematic and

A

reference

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27
Q

relative locations of places are shown on what type of map

A

thematic

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28
Q

T/F: all maps are distorted in area size or direction or both. they are all inaccurate

A

true

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29
Q

collecting data for research or mapping by using instruments that are far from the area of study is called

A

remote sensing

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30
Q

interpreting the impact of tectonic activity on the landforms of East Africa would probably be the work of a

A

physical geographer

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31
Q

the visible imprint of people on the surface of the earth is seen in the

A

cultural landscape

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32
Q

one method of finding absolute location on a map is by using

A

GIS

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33
Q

which of the following describes the process of heightening interactions, increasing interdependence, and deepening relations across country boundaries

A

globalization

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34
Q

identify the correct trade flow in the triangular trading system amongst Europe–>Africa–>the Americas–>Europe, which ultimately help establish the foundations of the capitalized world economy

A

manufactured foods, slaves, commodities (cotton, tobacco, rice, etc)

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35
Q

in early history (dating back to the Greeks and Romans), the primary purpose or reason for colonialism was:

A

need for resources and tribute

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36
Q

the first wave of colonialism was sparked by these European colonial powers

A

Spain and Portugal

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37
Q

there were two waves of colonialism between 1500 and 1975. which is not true of the first wave (1500-1825)?

A

economies were focused on tourism

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38
Q

colonizers focused on gaining lands to establish large-scale agricultural production in the americas and to establish trading posts for the Atlantic slave trade in Africa and ports for the spics trade in Asia. What best describes this trading system?

A

it had a global reach

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39
Q

what does the term scramble for Africa refer to

A

European powers arbitrarily divided the world’s second largest continent among themselves

40
Q

what fueled the second wave of colonization in the second half of the nineteenth century

A

industrialization

41
Q

which is not consistent with strong globalization

A

states (countries) play an increasingly significant role in world trade

42
Q

modern colonialism began in fifteenth-century Europe. It was different from the Roman or any other preceding empire because the focus in this modern era was specifically on gaining

A

territory

43
Q

during the age of exploration, stretching from the 1400s to the 1900s, which of the following regions was the focal point for global trade and exchange of culture

A

Atlantic

44
Q

what is not one of the three financial institutions that came into existence as a result of the Bretton Woods conference at the close of WWII

A

International Reserve Bank

45
Q

to “maintain international peace and security,” “to develop friendly relations among nations,” “to achieve international cooperation” in order to solve economic and social problems, and to “be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends,” was the mission statement for this organization following WWII

A

the United Nations

46
Q

in 1945, following the world wars, this organization had 51 members countries; in 2015, membership has grown to 193 members

A

the United Nations

47
Q

what is practical result of the UN Security Council being dominated by only five countries (the United States, France, the UK, China, and Russia) with permanent seats and veto power

A

the security council’s decisions are some of the most politicized

48
Q

which of the following is a term often used by geographers to describe the dominance of one state on the global stage

A

hegemon

49
Q

political scientists outlined four hegemons between 1500 and 2000. select the correct match of country and century below

A

Spain–1500s; the Netherlands–1600s; Great Britain–1700s and 1800s; and the United States–1900s

50
Q

why do some scholars think China will supersede the United Sates as the dominant world superpower

A

China has grown as a global epicenter of manufacturing, and its entrepreneurs are some of the biggest investors in the world

51
Q

the process of a company adapting its product to meet the demands of local culture is known as

A

glocalization

52
Q

the relative importance of cities over smaller towns and rural areas is referred to as

A

urban hierarchies

53
Q

which of the following describes a type of transportation network where a few large, central nodes are connected to smaller points

A

hub-and-spoke system

54
Q

according to a 2008 European Commission study, what percentage of the world’s population is more than two days’ travel time from a city of 50,000 people or more

A

10 percent

55
Q

transportation networks may be intentionally designed to

A

enhance connectivity for some communities while marginalizing

56
Q

which of the following is the most remote place in the world (in terms of the number of people who live far from a city of 50,000 or more)?

A

the Tibetan Plateau

57
Q

approximately, how many landlocked countries are in the world

A

above 40

58
Q

what is the cheapest method to transport heavy goods and materials

A

by sea

59
Q

landlocked countries face particular exporting problems because both time and money are required to cross country borders, making transportation:

A

expensive

60
Q

although people in remote locations have gained connection through internet access and mobile phone usage, there is a notable disparity between the average bandwidth and accessibility, creating what is referred to as the

A

digital divide

61
Q

which of the following describes the process that accelerates the experience of time and reduces the significance of distance in information technology networks

A

time-space compression

62
Q

which of the following pairs are two of the wealthiest countries in the world that are also landlocked

A

Luxembourg and Switzerland

63
Q

suburbs, large roads, limited sidewalks and a near lack of public transportation characterize the United States. these aspects are largely the result of

A

inexpensive oil prices

64
Q

in general, Americans change their behavior by increasing their use of public transportation and purchasing more fuel efficient vehicles:

A

in response to a significant increase in gasoline prices

65
Q

local factors have a significant influence on a place; two geographic terms that describe these local factors are:

A

site and situation

66
Q

which of the following is the negative impact on a region from economic growth in another region

A

backwash effect

67
Q

the influence of human behavior on earth since the Industrial Revolution in the late 1700s is so significant that is constitutes a new geological era called the

A

anthropocene

68
Q

the effects of global climate change will be distributed unevenly across the planet. which of the following is not a factor contributing to the vulnerability of a group of people

A

level of education

69
Q

T/F: the Opium War between GB and China originated when the Chinese banned opium sales in China due to public health concerns. however, Britain’s main concern was the huge trade deficit it was running with China

A

true

70
Q

T/F: the world bank was initially created to provide loans for reconstruction and development following WWII

A

true

71
Q

T/F: due to every sovereign state having a vote, the world bank and international monetary fund (IMF) tend to be more democratic than the United Nations

A

false

72
Q

T/F: nations within countries are not granted representation in the United Nations, making it difficult for these groups to gain independence. some examples include the kurds of Iran, Iraq, Turkey and Syria; the Tibetans of China; or the Basques of Spain and France

A

true

73
Q

following WWII, many formerly colonized countries became independent states. where was the greatest concentration of these countries?

A

Africa and Asia

74
Q

the divide between the global north and the global south is a ____ categorization between wealthy and poorer countries

A

both socioeconomic and political

75
Q

a number of social scientists suggest that we should measure more than wealth in our assessment of development. what else should we access to economic growth

A

literacy, life expectancy and infant mortality

76
Q

what tool assess life expectancy, literacy, years of schooling and per capita GNI

A

Human Development Index

77
Q

one way geographers have thought about scale is by using ____ circles to represent to finest resolution of scale, form the individual at the center out to eh global scale

A

concentric (like a bulls eye)

78
Q

as a country or area develops, the nature of the economy changes or progress through a series of stages. select the correct order of these states

A

agricultural, industrial, service

79
Q

most developed countries are located in the northern hemisphere. which of the following are notable exceptions

A

Australia and New Zealand

80
Q

the ____ per capita is the most widely accepted way of measuring wealth by countries in the world today because the static tries to account for the flow of wealth in our globalized world

A

gross national income

81
Q

____ (or per person) basis allows comparisons between countries regardless of population size

A

per capita

82
Q

development ideas that emphasize structure, or the global framework under which countries operate, say that the ___ between countries are as or more important than internal policies for determining the future development of a country

A

relationships

83
Q

which of the following offers a geography for dependency theory by depicting the world in terms of the core, semi-periphery and periphery

A

world systems theory

84
Q

the 45 degree line of the ____ curve represents perfect equality, where equal portions of the population control equal amounts of income

A

Lorenz

85
Q

which of the following is a good example of a country that moved from the periphery to the semi periphery as it increasingly engaged in manufacturing and became a major global exporter, as exemplified by the heavy freight traffic in Hong Kong Harbor?

A

China

86
Q

what is the poorest country in the western hemisphere

A

Haiti

87
Q

which country has the highest gross national income (GNI) in South America

A

Chile

88
Q

which of the following is not true about the earthquake that hit Haiti in 2010

A

it would have been worse if the country had not enacted tough building codes in 1985

89
Q

as a percentage of GNI, which of the following countries contributes the most total dollars in foreign aid

A

the United States

90
Q

besides being problematic in its own right, top down development often experienced a lack of ___ that inhibited the longer term sustainability of programs because local people had little interest in maintaining projects they did not initiate or request

A

participation

91
Q

T/F: geographers have tended to describe development as a process of change in the composition of an economy of a particular region and the well-being of its inhabitants, relative to other ares

A

true

92
Q

T/F: another way to consider development is to measure the variability of human well-being (education, health, gender equality) in space

A

true

93
Q

T/F: the new institutions and development programs after WWI set the tone for how we have though about development since

A

true

94
Q

T/F: t shirt travels demonstrates how a simple act of kindness, donating your old t shirts to the salvation army or goodwill. has resulted in undermining the textile industry in Zambia and other African countries where imported secondhand clothing is more popular than locally made clothing

A

true

95
Q

large scale map

A

shows more detail

96
Q

small scale map

A

shows less detail; a whole area

geog 1003 (2 decks)

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