Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CHEM 111 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

chemistry

A

the study of matter and its interactions with other matter and with energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

scientific method

A

investigations that are guided by theory and earlier experiments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hypothesis

A

a possible explanation for an event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

law

A

a statement that summarizes a large number of observations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

theory

A

an explanation of the laws of nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

matter

A

anything that has mass and occupies space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mass

A

the quantity of matter in an object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

weight

A

the force of attraction between an object and other objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

property

A

anything observed or measured about a sample of matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

extensive property

A

depends on the size of the sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

intensive property

A

independent of sample size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

physical properties

A

can be measured without changing the composition of the sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

physical change

A

a change that occurs without changing the composition of the material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

chemical properties

A

describe the reactivity of a material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

chemical change

A

at least part of the material is changed into a different kind of matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

substance

A

a material that is chemically the same throughout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

elements

A

cannot be broken into simpler substances, composed entirely of one type of atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

compounds

A

can be broken down into elements, contains atoms of two or more different elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

mixture

A

matter that can be separated into simpler materials by physical methods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

heterogeneous mixtures

A

the composition of the mixture changes from one part to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

homogeneous mixtures

A

the composition of the mixture is uniform throughout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

alloys

A

solutions of a metal and another material (usually another metal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

accuracy

A

the agreement of a set of measurements with the true value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

precision

A

the agreement among repeated measurements of the same quantity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
atom
the smallest unit of an element that have all the properties of that element
26
law of constant composition
all samples of a pure substance contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass
27
law of multiple proportions
when the same elements form more than one compound, the mass of one element that combines with a fixed mass of a second element are in a ratio of small whole numbers
28
law of conservation of mass
there is no detectable change in mass when a chemical reaction occurs
29
what are the three subatomic particles
1. electrons 2. protons 3. neutrons
30
who and how were electrons found to be negatively charged
J. J. Thomson demonstrated that electrons were negatively charged by subjecting them to a magnetic or an electric field
31
who and how were electrons found to have a charge of -1.602e-19 coulombs
Robert A. Millikan performed the oil drop experiment
32
atomic number (Z)
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom and determines how the periodic table is ordered
33
mass number (A)
the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
34
isotopes
atoms of an element whose nuclei contain different numbers of neutrons (same Z, different A)
35
cation
more protons than electrons has a positive charge forms when an atom LOSES one or more electrons
36
anion
more electrons than protons has a negative charge forms when an atom GAINS one or more electrons
37
atomic mass unit (u)
1/12 the mass of one Carbon-12 atom | 1 u = 1.66e-27 kg
38
what percentage of elements occur in nature as mixtures of isotopes
75%
39
period
a horizontal row
40
group (family)
a vertical column containing chemically similar elements
41
atomic mass is the natural abundance of the element
true
42
metalloid
an element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals
43
representative elements
the elements in the A groups
44
transition metals
the elements in the B groups
45
inner transition metals
the two rows of metals at the bottom of the periodic table
46
alkali metals
soft, reactive metals in group 1A (1)
47
alkaline earth metals
elements in group 2A (2)
48
halogens
reactive nonmetals in group 7A (17), also known as salt formers
49
noble gases
the stable, largely inert gases in group 8A (18)
50
molecule
a combination of atoms joined so strongly that they behave as a single particle
51
diatomic molecule
the simplest molecule, only contain two atoms
52
molecular compound
when two or more elements form a molecule, typically form from nonmetals
53
molecular formula
gives the number of every type of atom in the molecule
54
structural formula
shows how the atoms are connected in the molecule
55
molecular mass
the sum of the atomic masses of all atoms present in the molecular formula
56
ionic compound
composed of cations and anions forming a neutral species | generally form from the combination of metals with nonmetals
57
empirical formula
the formula of an ionic compound that uses the smallest whole number subscripts to express the relative numbers of ions
58
polyatomic ion
a group of atoms with a net charge that behaves as a single particle
59
what is the most common polyatomic cation
ammonium ion (NH4,+)
60
acid
a compound that produces hydrogen cations when dissolved in water
61
hydrocarbon
organic compounds that contain only the elements hydrogen and carbon
62
electrolyte
a substance that forms ions in water solution
63
nonelectrolyte
water and compounds that dissolve in water as neutral molecules, they do not conduct electrical current
64
reactants
the substances consumed
65
products
the substances formed
66
coefficients
numbers before the formula of a substance in an equation
67
neutralization
the reaction of an acid with a base to form a salt and water
68
salt
an ionic compound consisting of the cation of a base and the anion of an acid
69
combustion reaction
the process of burning, most combustion reactions are the combination of a substance with oxygen
70
oxidation-reduction reaction
a reaction in which electrons are transferred from one species to another
71
oxidation
the loss of electrons by a substance in a reaction
72
reduction
the gain of electrons by a substance in a reaction
73
avogadro's number
6.022e23
74
molar mass (M)
the mass (in grams) of one mole of a substance (g/mol)
75
stoichiometry
the study of the quantitative relationships involving the substances in chemical reactions
76
limiting reactant
the reactant that is completely consumed when a chemical reaction occurs
77
theoretical yield
the maximum quantity of product that can be obtained from a chemical reaction, based on the amounts of the starting materials
78
actual yield
mass of product isolated in a reaction
79
solvent
compound that has the same physical state as the solution, frequently a liquid
80
solute
substance being dissolved
81
aqueous solution
water is the solvent
82
strong electrolyte
compound that separates completely into ions in water
83
weak electrolyte
molecule that only partially ionizes when dissolved in water
84
ionization
the separation of a molecular compound into individual cations and anions when dissolved in water
85
precipitation reaction
involves the formation of an insoluble (solid) product or products from the reaction of soluble reactants
86
complete ionic equation
shows all strong electrolytes as ions in solution
87
net ionic equation
shows only those species in the solution that actually undergo a chemical change
88
molarity (M)
the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution
89
equivalence point
the point (volume) in a titration where stoichiometrically equivalent amounts of the two reactants have been added
90
indicator
a compound that changes color as a solution changes between acidic and basic

CHEM 111 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions