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PN2 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Hyperventalation

A

Increased RR
Tingling in lips and fingers
Decreased oxygen

Respiratory alkalosis

Take longer breaths, paper bag

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2
Q

Metabolic alkalosis teaching

A

Stay away from antacids

Control vomiting

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3
Q

Renal failure labs

A

BUN

Creatinine

Hydrogen levels

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4
Q

Hypervolemia

A 
Edema
Shortness of breath 
Crackles
Congestion
Neck vein distention
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5
Q

Hyponatremia s/s

A

Sodium under 135

Neuro relation

Confusion, lethargy, restlessness, seizure, coma

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6
Q

Hypernatremia dietary needs

A

Reduced sodium

Diet with chicken, lean protein, vegetables, fruits

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7
Q

Hyperkalemia s/s

A

Cramping

Impaired kidneys

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8
Q

Hypokalemia cause

A

Diarrhea
Vomiting
NG tune

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9
Q

Hypokalemia labs

A

Serum potassium

ECG

Dogoxin levels

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10
Q

Hypocalcemia s/s

A

Muscle cramping
Twitching
Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes

Positive chvosteks sign

Positive trousseaus sign

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11
Q

Hypophosphatemia cause

A

Deficit in phosphorus

Alcoholics

Intake of too much Mg or Ca

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12
Q

Postural hypotension

A

BP drops lying to standing

Dizziness
Lightheadedness
Syncope

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13
Q

Hypovolemia (Dehydration) s/s

A 
Decrease BP
postural hypotension
Change in level of consciousness
Decreased urine output
Poor skin turgor
Dry mouth
Tachycardia
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14
Q

Appendicitis diagnostic

A

CT abdomen

X-ray

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15
Q

Appendicitis lab

A

WBC

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16
Q

Appendicitis treatment

A

Laparoscopic appendectomy

Open procedure if ruptured

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17
Q

Hiatal hernia cause

A

Stomach bulges up into chest through diaphragm opening

Obesity, pregnancy, coughing, straining during BM

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18
Q

Hiatal hernia s/s

A 
Heartburn
Regurgitation
Chest pain
Dysphagia
Belching -Eructation
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19
Q

Peptic ulcer

A

Indigestion (dyspepsia)

Loss of mucosal lining or duodenum

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20
Q

Peptic ulcer s/s

A

Dyspepsia -indigestion!

Pain
Bloating
Burning feeling at night
Poor appetite 
Decreased weight
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21
Q

Oral ulcers treatment

A

Oral hygiene gentle and frequent

Rinse mouth every 2-3 hrs with sodium bicarb or warm saline (can be with hydrogen peroxide)

No alcohol mouthwash

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22
Q

Diverticulosis s/s

A 
Change in level of consciousness
Constipation
Diarrhea
LLQ pain
Low grade fever
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23
Q

Diverticulosis diagnostic

A

CT scan

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24
Q

Assessment: blood in stool

A

Decreased hemoglobin

Change in bowel?

Rectal cancer
Ulcerative colitis
Diverticulosis with abscess

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25
Q

IBS s/s

A 
Cramping
Abd pain
Bloating
Diarrhea 
Constopaiton
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26
Q

Diarrhea med treatment

A

Loperamide (Imodium)

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27
Q

Constipation med treatment

A

Laxative

28
Q

Megacolon

A

Related to ulcerative colitis

Inflamm process begins in retro-sigmoid

29
Q

Toxic megacolon

A

Swelling and inflamm in colon spreads over deep layers of colon

Stops working and widens

Life threatening

30
Q

Rectal cancer diagnostic

A

Fecal occult

31
Q

Bladder infection s/s

A

Left side flank pain

Did it spread? Glomerulonephritis

32
Q

Prostatectomy post op

A

Urine output
Able to pee
Ambulation

33
Q

Kidney stones prevention

A

Adjust calcium intake

Increase fluids

Limit spinach intake

Take Mg or B12 (offset electrolytes)

34
Q

Kidney stone priority nursing intervention

A

Pain management

35
Q

Cytoscopy

A

Bladder cancer 3 mo, 6 mo, etc

Blood in urine

Pink tinged urine- normal after procedure

36
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) s/s

A

Increased urinary retention

37
Q

Hiatal hernia diagnostic

A

Barium swallow

Upper endoscopy

38
Q

Hiatal hernia foods to avoid

A

Citrus

Chocolate

Fatty fried foods

Garlic

Onion

Peppermint and spearmint

Spicy food

39
Q

Appendicitis s/s

A

Rebound tenderness (blumergs sign)

Periumbilical pain (spreads to LLQ and localized at LRQ)

Low grade fever

Anorexia

Nausea

40
Q

Peptic ulcer teaching

A

Avoid caffeine

Spicy food

Alcohol

NSAIDs

Chocolate

41
Q

Colorectal cancer s/s

A 
Fatigue
Weight loss
Anorexia
Change in bowel
Bloody stool
Melena
Abd pain
42
Q

Colorectal cancer screening

A

Digital rectal exam

Fecal occult blood test

Colonoscopy

Sigmoidoscopy

Double contrast barium enema

43
Q

Renal failure s/s

A

Decreased urine output

Fluid retention

SOB

drowsiness

Confusion

Chest pain

Fatigue

44
Q

Renal failure interventions

A

Catheter

Measure I & O

Admin diuretics

Dialysis

45
Q

Renal failure diet

A

Low protein

Decreases urea

46
Q

Diverticulosis diagnostic

A

Colonoscopy

47
Q

Diverticulosis diet

A

Avoid popcorn and seeds

Can get caught in pockets

48
Q

Diverticulosis s/s

A

Usually undiagnosed

Unless fever, abd pain, blood in stool

49
Q

McBurney’s point

A

Appendix

50
Q

Ulcerative colitis s/s

A

Severe diarrhea

Dehydration
Hypokalemia
Skin breakdown

51
Q

Oral hygiene

A 
Self exam weekly 
Well balanced diet
Brush and floss daily
Avoid alcohol mouthwash cause inflamm
Good repaired dentures and fit properly
52
Q

Stomatitis

A

Inflamed or sore mouth

53
Q

Stomatitis cause

A 
Infection
Allergy
Vit deficiency (B complex, folate, zinc, iron) 
Tobacco
Alcohol
54
Q

Stomatitis foods to avoid

A 
Coffee
Potatoes
Cheese
Nuts
Citrus fruits

Trigger allergic response

55
Q

Dysphagia s/s

A

Coughing
Choking
Food “sticking” to pharynx

56
Q

PASS

A

Probable patient has swallowing difficulty?

Account for previous problems

Screen for s/s

Speech-language referral

57
Q

Hiatal hernia teaching

A

Elevate head 6 in when sleeping

Remain upright several hours after eating

Avoid straining or excessive exercise

Refrain from wearing tight fitting clothing around abdomen

58
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Sharp
Burning
Gnawing pain

59
Q

Ulcer perforation

A

Sudden sharp pain

Mid-epigastric

Rigid, board like abdomen

60
Q

Appendicitis nursing intervention

A

IV- fluid and electrolyte balance

Semi-Fowler’s to contain abd drainage in lower abdomen

61
Q

Diverticulosis cause

A

Old age

Low fiber diet

62
Q

Diverticulosis nursing interventions

A

Antibiotics, Analgesics, anticholinergics

No lax or enemas

Rest and avoid activities straining or bending

Low fiber until inflamm resolves then high fiber

Check stools for occult or bleeding

63
Q

UTI s/s

A

Frequent urination
Urgency
Without urination, urination at night, etc

Low back pain
Incontinence
Retention

64
Q

UTI more rare symptoms

A 
Fever
Chills
N/v
Malaise
Flank pain
65
Q

UTI Interventions

A 
Increase fluids
Perineal care
Antibiotics
Double void- empty bladder completely
Warm sitz bath
66
Q

UTI diagnostics

A

Clean catch urine
Urine culture
WBC
HISTORY- ultrasound

PN2 (1 decks)

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