Exam 1 Flashcards
Hyperventalation
Increased RR
Tingling in lips and fingers
Decreased oxygen
Respiratory alkalosis
Take longer breaths, paper bag
Metabolic alkalosis teaching
Stay away from antacids
Control vomiting
Renal failure labs
BUN
Creatinine
Hydrogen levels
Hypervolemia
Edema Shortness of breath Crackles Congestion Neck vein distention
Hyponatremia s/s
Sodium under 135
Neuro relation
Confusion, lethargy, restlessness, seizure, coma
Hypernatremia dietary needs
Reduced sodium
Diet with chicken, lean protein, vegetables, fruits
Hyperkalemia s/s
Cramping
Impaired kidneys
Hypokalemia cause
Diarrhea
Vomiting
NG tune
Hypokalemia labs
Serum potassium
ECG
Dogoxin levels
Hypocalcemia s/s
Muscle cramping
Twitching
Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
Positive chvosteks sign
Positive trousseaus sign
Hypophosphatemia cause
Deficit in phosphorus
Alcoholics
Intake of too much Mg or Ca
Postural hypotension
BP drops lying to standing
Dizziness
Lightheadedness
Syncope
Hypovolemia (Dehydration) s/s
Decrease BP postural hypotension Change in level of consciousness Decreased urine output Poor skin turgor Dry mouth Tachycardia
Appendicitis diagnostic
CT abdomen
X-ray
Appendicitis lab
WBC
Appendicitis treatment
Laparoscopic appendectomy
Open procedure if ruptured
Hiatal hernia cause
Stomach bulges up into chest through diaphragm opening
Obesity, pregnancy, coughing, straining during BM
Hiatal hernia s/s
Heartburn Regurgitation Chest pain Dysphagia Belching -Eructation
Peptic ulcer
Indigestion (dyspepsia)
Loss of mucosal lining or duodenum
Peptic ulcer s/s
Dyspepsia -indigestion!
Pain Bloating Burning feeling at night Poor appetite Decreased weight
Oral ulcers treatment
Oral hygiene gentle and frequent
Rinse mouth every 2-3 hrs with sodium bicarb or warm saline (can be with hydrogen peroxide)
No alcohol mouthwash
Diverticulosis s/s
Change in level of consciousness Constipation Diarrhea LLQ pain Low grade fever
Diverticulosis diagnostic
CT scan
Assessment: blood in stool
Decreased hemoglobin
Change in bowel?
Rectal cancer
Ulcerative colitis
Diverticulosis with abscess
IBS s/s
Cramping Abd pain Bloating Diarrhea Constopaiton
Diarrhea med treatment
Loperamide (Imodium)
Constipation med treatment
Laxative
Megacolon
Related to ulcerative colitis
Inflamm process begins in retro-sigmoid
Toxic megacolon
Swelling and inflamm in colon spreads over deep layers of colon
Stops working and widens
Life threatening
Rectal cancer diagnostic
Fecal occult
Bladder infection s/s
Left side flank pain
Did it spread? Glomerulonephritis
Prostatectomy post op
Urine output
Able to pee
Ambulation
Kidney stones prevention
Adjust calcium intake
Increase fluids
Limit spinach intake
Take Mg or B12 (offset electrolytes)
Kidney stone priority nursing intervention
Pain management
Cytoscopy
Bladder cancer 3 mo, 6 mo, etc
Blood in urine
Pink tinged urine- normal after procedure
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) s/s
Increased urinary retention
Hiatal hernia diagnostic
Barium swallow
Upper endoscopy
Hiatal hernia foods to avoid
Citrus
Chocolate
Fatty fried foods
Garlic
Onion
Peppermint and spearmint
Spicy food
Appendicitis s/s
Rebound tenderness (blumergs sign)
Periumbilical pain (spreads to LLQ and localized at LRQ)
Low grade fever
Anorexia
Nausea
Peptic ulcer teaching
Avoid caffeine
Spicy food
Alcohol
NSAIDs
Chocolate
Colorectal cancer s/s
Fatigue Weight loss Anorexia Change in bowel Bloody stool Melena Abd pain
Colorectal cancer screening
Digital rectal exam
Fecal occult blood test
Colonoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy
Double contrast barium enema
Renal failure s/s
Decreased urine output
Fluid retention
SOB
drowsiness
Confusion
Chest pain
Fatigue
Renal failure interventions
Catheter
Measure I & O
Admin diuretics
Dialysis
Renal failure diet
Low protein
Decreases urea
Diverticulosis diagnostic
Colonoscopy
Diverticulosis diet
Avoid popcorn and seeds
Can get caught in pockets
Diverticulosis s/s
Usually undiagnosed
Unless fever, abd pain, blood in stool
McBurney’s point
Appendix
Ulcerative colitis s/s
Severe diarrhea
Dehydration
Hypokalemia
Skin breakdown
Oral hygiene
Self exam weekly Well balanced diet Brush and floss daily Avoid alcohol mouthwash cause inflamm Good repaired dentures and fit properly
Stomatitis
Inflamed or sore mouth
Stomatitis cause
Infection Allergy Vit deficiency (B complex, folate, zinc, iron) Tobacco Alcohol
Stomatitis foods to avoid
Coffee Potatoes Cheese Nuts Citrus fruits
Trigger allergic response
Dysphagia s/s
Coughing
Choking
Food “sticking” to pharynx
PASS
Probable patient has swallowing difficulty?
Account for previous problems
Screen for s/s
Speech-language referral
Hiatal hernia teaching
Elevate head 6 in when sleeping
Remain upright several hours after eating
Avoid straining or excessive exercise
Refrain from wearing tight fitting clothing around abdomen
Dyspepsia
Sharp
Burning
Gnawing pain
Ulcer perforation
Sudden sharp pain
Mid-epigastric
Rigid, board like abdomen
Appendicitis nursing intervention
IV- fluid and electrolyte balance
Semi-Fowler’s to contain abd drainage in lower abdomen
Diverticulosis cause
Old age
Low fiber diet
Diverticulosis nursing interventions
Antibiotics, Analgesics, anticholinergics
No lax or enemas
Rest and avoid activities straining or bending
Low fiber until inflamm resolves then high fiber
Check stools for occult or bleeding
UTI s/s
Frequent urination
Urgency
Without urination, urination at night, etc
Low back pain
Incontinence
Retention
UTI more rare symptoms
Fever Chills N/v Malaise Flank pain
UTI Interventions
Increase fluids Perineal care Antibiotics Double void- empty bladder completely Warm sitz bath
UTI diagnostics
Clean catch urine
Urine culture
WBC
HISTORY- ultrasound
