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TCC FedGovernment > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who argued that when one joins a social contract one reserves the right of revolution if the government’s actions become repressive and you have attempted to redress grievances

A

Locke

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2
Q

Locke argued that we join into society only out of fear of death

A

False

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3
Q

For which of the following was life in the state of nature “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short”?

A

Thomas Hobbes

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4
Q

For Thomas Hobbes, life without government was

A

characterized by animal like conflict in which no one was truly safe

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5
Q

For Thomas Hobbes, government was necessary for ____________ whereas for John Locke, government _______________________.

A

survival; preserved order by protecting property

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6
Q

The earliest function of government according to Hobbes and Locke was

A

guaranteeing the safety of life and property

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7
Q

The most extreme social contract theorists (giving the least power to the people) was John Locke

A

False

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8
Q

All of the following are consistent with John Locke’s views EXCEPT

A

the only way to ensure people’s safety is to have an all powerful ruler

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9
Q

Rousseau argued that there were two types of lies- a de facto lie and a(n)

A

de jure

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10
Q

Rousseau argued that women are the bane of male authority and should never attempt to guide men in any form

A

False

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11
Q

Rousseau argued that in the state of nature man was independent and happy

A

True

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12
Q

Machiavelli argued that man had a natural desire for

A

acquiring

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13
Q

For Hobbes the _____________ were driven to form government for survival; while for Locke the _________ formed government to protect their property.

A

weak, strong

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14
Q

Socrates argued that the best type of government was a mixed and fluid one which allows for change.

A

False

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15
Q

Locke argued that the best form of government was

A

any as long as everyone votes for it

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16
Q

The Ring of Geyges is a mythological ring that makes its bearer invincible.

A

False

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17
Q

Which of the following theorists argued that democracy was the only legitimate form of government

A

Rousseau

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18
Q

The social contract theorist who believed that the contract must be renewed daily and at each vote was

A

Rousseau

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19
Q

The philosopher who believed that human nature was inherently good was

A

Rousseau

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20
Q

The system wherein citizens come together to discuss and pass laws is called a

A

direct democracy

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21
Q

The political system where those who have governmental authority get and retain authority directly or indirectly as a result of winning free elections is called

A

representative democracy

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22
Q

Socrates argued that man was by nature a political animal and needed to participate

A

False

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23
Q

Socrates argued that censorship of ______________ was of particular importance because it lead to false emotions

A

Music

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24
Q

Which of the following philosophers argued for direct rather than or representative democracy?

A

Jean Jacques Rousseau

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25
Q

In most democracies it is necessary for decisions to be made by representatives rather than by citizens themselves because

A

it is difficult to bring together large numbers of citizens for discussions and votes

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26
Q

In order for one’s soul to be balanced _________ must rule

A

reason

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27
Q

Cephalus’ definition of justice was

A

giving back what is owed

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28
Q

If you are going to war, Machiavelli would argue for you to use

A

your own men, they are less destructive

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29
Q

Rousseau argued that man’s troubles began when he discovered he had desires

A

False

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30
Q

Machiavelli argued that you should rule out of

A

Fear

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31
Q

Machiavelli argued that letting people vote was a good idea because while you could fool people in particulars you could not fool them in generalities

A

False

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32
Q

Hobbes’ view on life was very dim.

A

True

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33
Q

Machiavelli argued that Fate is like a woman because it

A

is fickle

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34
Q

Rousseau argued that there were two avenues needed to return men to independence and happiness one was through the power of love; the other

A

educating them to independent thought

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35
Q

Machiavelli argued that one should look like the lion but be the fox; which meant

A

one should appear brave and loyal but in the end do what needs to be done

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36
Q

The moderns set a new and higher standard for government and the purpose of human existence.

A

False

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37
Q

Aristotle argued that man had a natural desire to acquire which meant that we are never satisfied

A

False

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38
Q

Aristotle argued that complete censorship by government was not possible to bring man to virtue or perfection because

A

it would not allow for people to make the choices to lead a virtuous life.

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39
Q

Because there is only one goal for the ancients those closest to the goal had an obligation to guide others toward perfection

A

True

40
Q

A Telos is a goal, the goal of the moderns was human perfection

A

False

41
Q

The rule of one is called a(n)

A

monarchy

42
Q

Because they are not oppressive written laws that don’t change are better than those that do change.

A

False

43
Q

According to Aristotle in order for social customs to change

A

the people generate social change

44
Q

All of the following are true of unwritten laws EXCEPT

A

when they change we do not obey them

45
Q

We obey these laws because they are never questioned

A

written laws that don’t change

46
Q

Aristotle argued we must have a mixed government because

A

we all want to share our opinions

47
Q

A mixed government must have at least two of the three types of government Monarchy, Aristocracy or Democracy.

A

False

48
Q

In order to increase man’s inherent morality Aristotle argued for the separation of powers.

A

False

49
Q

Whose definition of justice left no room for moral interpretation?

A

Cephalus

50
Q

It was impossible to be just under Thrasymachus’ definition of justice because you cannot know who your friends and enemies are all of the time.

A

False

51
Q

Justice is the advantage of the stronger means that like Hobbes argued, the strong must rule in society to create order and security for society.

A

False

52
Q

If the law determines justice then the fear is that the people in power can make the laws

A

Both to help themselves & to harm the people

53
Q

You must do what is right and let reason rule your desire because

A

you will punish yourself

54
Q

The city reflects the soul for Socrates so the rules should be the

A

academics

55
Q

Machiavelli argued no one is every happy and will never be content with a monarchy because we all have a natural desire for possessions.

A

False

56
Q

Fortune favors the young because they can take more risks as they are increasing in their responsibility.

A

False

57
Q

Machiavelli argued fortune favored

A

the young because they have less responsibility

58
Q

Ruling with fear for Machiavelli allowed one to control

A

All of the above:

a. when you were feared
b. how much you were feared
c. if you were feared
d. where you were feared

59
Q

Rousseau argued that because the moderns had decreased man’s potential to reach their goals we needed to return to a less demanding state.

A

False

60
Q

In order to create independent thinkers Rousseau argued you must do all of the following except

A

All of the above are required:

a. do the experiment yourself
b. know that knowledge has value to you
c. learn to use all your senses
d. challenge everything

61
Q

Machiavelli argued when you punish you need to make punishment all of the following except

A

bloody

62
Q

Locke argued man is not as evil as Hobbes stated because of the two laws of nature. These laws show man’s natural morality to each other keeps them from killing each other off to the very last one.

A

False

63
Q

Locke argued that all species have a natural desire to

A

continue the species

64
Q

Adeimantus as a hedonist wanted his reward now. This led him to the belief that denied the existence of an afterlife.

A

False

65
Q

An example of Locke’s permanent revolution would be

A

the US revolution from England

66
Q

The drinking age would be an example of Aristotle’s highest type of law.

A

False

67
Q

Murder would be an example of Aristotle’s lowest type of law.

A

False

68
Q

The expansion of suffrage to include women and minorities would be an example of Socrates’ fluid government which expanded to allow for change.

A

False

69
Q

Rousseau was concerned that if people joined government out of self-interest they would have no reason to sacrifice for each other and would be unable to form a community.

A

True

70
Q

A community, according to Rousseau, could be formed through complete independence and a return to man’s natural state.

A

False

71
Q

According to Hobbesian ideas one can look to any society to see what it values by

A

by looking to see what laws have the harshest punishments

72
Q

The United States most reflects whose ideas about government

A

Locke

73
Q

Socrates argued that the following should be censored in society in order to guide people to perfection

A

All of the above:

a. books
b. architecture
c. the family
d. the gods

74
Q

Because the development of preferences are what fractured man’s soul Rousseau argued that to be happy again man needed a soulmate that preferred him to all others.

A

True

75
Q

Because of his desire for independence and happiness Rousseau was the first philosopher of note to argue that women should be educated equally to men and that they should be allowed to choose their own spouses for love.

A

True

76
Q

Aristotle argued that while repetition could create habits it allowed for true virtue unlike censorship because you can change habits.

A

False

77
Q

You are attacked while jogging in the park, which theorist argues that you have the right to defend yourself by killing your attacker if necessary?

A

Locke

78
Q

Locke argues that in the state of nature man is not as violent as Hobbes argues because:

A

we want to continue the species

79
Q

Your mother asking you if you brushed your teeth every morning and every evening for at least a dozen years is an example of whose teaching?

A

Aristotle

80
Q

When you choose a side in the war Machiavelli would argue that you need to befriend a democracy because they are quicker to help their friends even at their own expense.

A

False

81
Q

Locke would argue that the only reason we slow down when we see a policeman is to avoid punishment.

A

False

82
Q

A Hobbesian King is responsible for

A

Only defending the people from foreign threats & defending the people from internal strife

83
Q

Machiavelli argued that in a war you should

A

join the war in order to avoid having no allies at the end of the conflict

84
Q

The boy who could be king was:

A

Glaucon

85
Q

The purpose of government for the ancients was to

A

guide man to perfection

86
Q

Aristotle, who argued man must face temptation to be virtuous, also argued that it is necessary to educate the people to virtue and particularly females.

A

False

87
Q

The Hobbesian King must restrain his absolute rights of freedom in enforcing the laws of the society as he has no power to break the law.

A

False

88
Q

Who wanted Socrates to explain why one should be just even if there were no eternal reward and one could have the image of a just man while being completely unjust

A

Both Glaucon & Adeimantus

89
Q

Who argued that justice was the advantage of the stronger

A

Thrasymachus

90
Q

Cephalus represented the new age of thought among men

A

False

91
Q

The ideal society in Socrates vision called for complete censorship in order to lead men to virtue

A

True

92
Q

Censorship of books was of primary concern to Socrates

A

False

93
Q

The largest part of the soul according to the ancients was

A

desires

94
Q

The speed limit law, according to the hierarchy of Aristotle would be one of the highest types of law

A

False

95
Q

The moderns argue that to have a disordered soul (to allow your desires to rule you) leads on to inner conflict and discontent

A

False

96
Q

The theorist who changed all history by destroying the ancient belief in a telos was

A

Machiavelli

TCC FedGovernment (2 decks)

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