Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Wellness is defined as a dynamic state of health in which an individual progresses toward a higher level of functioning _____________________

A

Achieving an optimum balance between internal and external environments

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2
Q

Propose an explanation on the basis of how an intervention with chiropractic such as adjustments may facilitate the patients progress toward achieving a higher level of funciton

A

The chiropractic adjustment will manage or correct or minimize subluxation resulting in the NS improved function resulting in improved homeostasis, health and wellness

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3
Q

Define innate intelligence and its significance to the chiropractic theory or history

A

Intrinsic biological ability of an organism to react physiologically to the changing conditions of internal and external environments

It applies to the first principle of chiropractic that states that the body is self-regulatory and self-healing organism

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4
Q

Define vis medicatrix naturae and its significance to the chiropractic

A

The healing power of nature

It also applies to the first principle of chiropractic that states the body is a self-regulatory and self-healing organism

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5
Q

The Council on Chiropractic Education (what is this agency’s current as well as historic significance?)

A

Made the 4 year curriculum standard in 1953

In 1974 the US office of education recognized the CCE as the official accrediting agency for all chiropractic colleges

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6
Q

What is the neurocalometer and its significance to chiropractic history?

A

A Hand held heat sensing instruments used to detect vertebral subluxations.

BJ insisted it was necessary for the chiropractor to detect subluxations and it also marked the beginning of the decline of BJ’s influence in the field

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7
Q

Wilk vs AMA anti trust suit charged what? And in what year?

A

Charged that the AMA and others had engaged in a conspiracy to monopolize healthcare and restrain competition by making voluntary professional associations between of medicine and doctors of chiropractic unethical

1976

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8
Q

when did US district judge Susan Getzendanner find the AMA guilty? And what did she find them guilty of?

A

Guilty of an illegal effort to destroy the chiropractic profession through boycott

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9
Q

Paradigm statement if the association of chiropractic was in July of _______. What was its role in chiropractic history?

A

1996

Sought to clarify professional common ground and to define chiropractic role with in the healthcare system

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10
Q

Who is Samuel reverend weed and what was his contribution to chiropractic?

A

A Presbyterian minister and patient of DD palmer who suggested the Greek terms Chiro and practika that DD would name the profession of chiropractic.

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11
Q

Who is shegataro morikubo and what was his contribution to chiropractic?

A

PSC graduate that was tried for practicing medicine without a license in 1907.

Was the first UCA case in providing legal services to DCs who were arrested for practicing medicine

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12
Q

Who is Chester Wilk and what is his significant contribution to the chiropractic?

A

Lead the fight against the AMA along with 4 other chiropractors

It was this lawsuit that represents the turning point in chiropractic since chiropractors would not be shut out of other medical professions.

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13
Q

Who is Sylvia alsworth? And what was her contribution to the chiropractic profession?

A

Graduate of PSC and mother of Ruth Alsworth

She’s the first woman to practice in the state of Nebraska and forerunnner to todays FCLB

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14
Q

What was Tom Morris’ defense argument in the Morikubo case?

A

Claimed that chiropractic has a separate and distinct philosophy and practice from that of medicine
Chiropractors do not diagnose but analyze the spine for the cause of dis-ease.

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15
Q

Who’s George Mc Andrews and what was his significant contribution in chiropractic?

A

Represented the 5 chiropractors in the Wilk vs AMA antitrust suit

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16
Q

Who is Harvey pillars and what is the significance to chiropractic

A

Janitor who received the first chiropractic adjustment by DD palmer in September 18 1895

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17
Q

Identify examples of ancient civilizations that embraces spinal manipulation as part of their culture

A

Chinese medicine (Chinese manipulative arts book by Pien chao)
India medicine (performed manipulation via baton attendants bc of hygiene)
Hippocrates
Aesculapius (manipulated thoracic area of spine and DD refers to his teachings as a foundation for chiropractic)

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18
Q

What is the definition of bone setter

A

Lay practitioner of joint manipulation who’s tradition is passed down from generation to generation

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19
Q

How was bonesetting a fore runner to chiropractic?

A

Before DCs, DOs and PTs bonesetting was the main prover of joint manipulation

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20
Q

What were the 3 reasons why manipulation fell from medical practice?

A

Danger involved in manipulating a spine weakened through tuberculosis

Fear of contracting contagious disease from the patient

A perception that manual therapy was beneath the dignity of the medic of the day and should be left to the lay practitioner

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21
Q

What is the original theory that formed the basis of classical osteopathy in 1879?

A

Practic of osteopathic medicine in which manual manipulation is accorded a central therapeutic role

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22
Q

Lesion osteopaths are those who ___________________

A

Most closely adhere to manipulation and Still’s early tenets

23
Q

Broad osteopaths are those aligned more ___________________

A

Strongly with drugs and surgery

24
Q

What are the similarities of chiropractic and osteopathy?

A

Both focused on manipulation and maintaining the integrity of the spine
Both not confined to low back pain stiff necks and typical musculoskeletal complaints.
Both focuses on whole person
Neither considered their systems manual medicine

25
Q

Chiropractic was reportedly founded by ___________. The first adjustment was performed on an african American male named _______ _______ purportedly on the date ________ ____ ______

A

D.D. Palmer

Harvey Lillard

September 18 1895

26
Q

What was John Howards role in the chiropractic community?

A

Opened a school called National chiropractic college that offered physiological therapeutics (PT and ultrasound) incorporated into the straight approach to chiropractic

Caused BJ stress because it was not straight chiropractic. It would cause legal stress and insurance stresses

27
Q

How did the straight/ mixer controversy add complexity to the struggle for state licensure?

A

Made it difficult to define the profession as an exception to the medical practice act. Since the mixer involved some medical practice and the straight didn’t

28
Q

Straight chiropractors focused on ______________

While Mixers included __________

A

Focused almost exclusively on the vertebral subluxation and it annual adjustment

Used additional clinical practices such as adjuncts to adjusting the spine

29
Q

The first state to be license was _______ in the year _______ and the final state to receive licensure was ________ in the year _______

A

Kansas 1913

Lousiana 1974

30
Q

______ is the two pronged spinal heat sensing device supposedly detected subluxation better than a palpating DC

A

Neurocalometer

31
Q

What did BJ assert about the neurocalometer?

A

Asserted it was unethical to practice without it and that the NCM old save chiropractors from themselves

32
Q

The national chiropractic association formed when? And did it represent more of the mixed or straight chiropractic group?

A

Formed with BJ Palmer’s UCA merged with the original ACA in 1950

Represented the mixed chiropractic group

Group believed chiropractic should be whatever you believed it to be

33
Q

ICA is the other chiropractic national association what was its main goal?

A

To keep the straight, pure and unaltered chiropractic alive

Straight chiropractic group

34
Q

Explain the original osteopathic theory

A

The integrity fo the spine and skeleton and the relation to proper function of the circulatory system

Theorized abroad impact on health an wellbeing as a consequence of alterations of that relationship

35
Q

AT Still the founder of osteopathy 1874, introduced the use of manual techniques 21 years prior to the discovery of _________

A

Chiropractic by D.D. Palmer

36
Q

What happened in 1895?

A

D.D. Palmer performed the first adjustment on Harvey Lillard

37
Q

What happened in 1913?

A

Kansas first state to receive license

38
Q

What happened in 1922?

A

Central college of chiropractic was started

39
Q

What happened int 1972

A

Congress voted to include chiropractors under Medicare

40
Q

What happpend in 1974?

A

US office of education recognized the CCE as the official accrediting agency for all chiropractic colleges

And Louisiana received licensure

41
Q

What happed in 1976?

A

Wilk and 4 others launched an antitrust suit against AMA and 14 other medical organizations

42
Q

What happened in 1987?

A

US district judge found the AMA guilt of an illegal effort to destroy the profession of chiropractic through boycott

43
Q

What happened in 1996?

A

The presidents of all 17 accredited schools presented a series of consensus statements which sought to clarify professional common ground and to define Chiropractic’s role in the healthcare system

44
Q

What happened in 2000?

A

Chiropractic care be made available to all active duty personnel

45
Q

What happened in 2002?

A

Mandated chiropractic as a permanent benefit with in the department of veterans affairs health system

46
Q

What happened in 1975?

A

Initiated the research initiative in the chiropractic profession. And that the profession would depend largely on the results of this research

47
Q

The word _______ is the most general beliefs, concepts and attitudes of an individual or group

A

Philosophy

48
Q

Fore runner definition

A

One that precedes and indicates the approach of another

49
Q

What are examples of forerunners of chiropractic?

A

Hippocrates
Bonesetters
Magnetic healers

50
Q

What is the literal meaning of chiropractic?

A

Hand Practical

51
Q

Describe an adjustment

A

Specifically applied forces to joints to restore motion when the body’ muscles cannot

52
Q

Basis of humoral theory of disease was _______

A

Disease arose then imbalance occurred btwn the humors

53
Q

ACC paradigm indluces what unifying principles?

A

SPA
The purpose of chiropractic is to optimize health
Principle is the body’s innate recuperative power is affected by and integrates through the NS