Exam 1 Flashcards
What are the 7 steps to creating a personal mission statement?
- Begin with central theme
- Write the mission statement
- Refine your mission statement
- Build excitement and inspire action
- Get other’s input on your mission
- Make your mission statement visible
- Revisit and evaluate your mission
What are the stages and definitions of the Trans Theoretical Model?
- Pre-contemplation: don’t know, don’t care
- Contemplation: recognize a behavior change would be beneficial, but don’t commit
- Preparation: Prepare to make a change before committing
- Action: A plan is established and implemented. Most difficult stage, often leads to regression to previous stages
- Maintenance: behavior is maintained for about 5 years but requires assessment of the program
- Termination: behavior has consistently maintained for 5 years and is now incorporated into your life.
What is the most component of fitness for the general population?
Cardiorespiratory endurance
Vigorous exercise is expressed as what?
A level above 60% of maximal capacity
What is VO2 Max?
- Maximal oxygen consumption of an individual
2. Generally considered best indicator of aerobic fitness
How do you estimate your maximum heart rate?
220 minus your age
How do you calculate your resting heart rate?
Perform a one-minute count while at rest
How do you determine your heart rate reserve?
Max heart rate minus resting heart rate
How do you calculate training intensity for a ten-second count?
(Heart rate reserve x .6) + (Resting heart rate/6)
What is the FITT Principle?
Frequency - how often
Intensity - how hard
Time - how long
Type - aerobic vs anaerobic
What are factors of making a habit of lifetime exercise?
- Set aside regular time for exercise
- Exercise early in the day
- Select aerobic activities you enjoy
- Combine different activities
- Use proper clothing and equipment
- Find a friend or group of friends to exercise with
- Exercise in different places and facilities
- Exercise to music
- Conduct periodic assessments
What are the benefits of strength training?
- Shapes your body
- Helps boost fat burning metabolism
- Builds strong bones
- Enables endurance
- Crucial for daily activities
- Sitting, walking, running, lifting, recreational activities
- Improves confidence
- Posture, personal appearance, self-image
- Helps develop sports skills
- Promotes joint stability
- Helps people cope more effectively in emergency situations
- Helps increase and maintain muscle
- Promotes psychological well-being
- Results in higher resting metabolic rate
- Promotes weight loss and maintenance
What is the link between muscle mass and metabolism?
Muscle is metabolically active, and so each additional pound of muscle tissue increases resting metabolism by 35 calories per day.
What is the most important component of fitness for older adults?
Muscular strength
Define muscular strength
The ability of a muscle or muscle group to generate maximal force
Define muscular endurance
The ability of a muscle or muscle group to perform repeated submaximal contractions or to maintain an isometric contraction
What muscles are included in the “core”?
- Abdominal muscles
- Hip Muscles
- Spinal muscles
Define isometric training
Strength-training method in which muscle contraction produces little or no movement because the person pushes or pulls against an immovable object
Concentric and Eccentric movement involve doing what with the muscles?
Concentric - shortening during contraction
Eccentric - lengthening during contraction
Define circuit training
A technique involving a series of weight-training stations. The weight trainer performs an exercise and rapidly moves to the next station with little or no rest.
List the strength training guidelines
- Select exercises that will involve all major muscle groups
- Select exercises that will strengthen the core
- Never lift weights alone
- Warm up properly prior to lifting weights
- Use proper lifting technique for each exercise
- Maintain proper body balance while lifting
- Exercise larger muscle groups before exercising smaller muscle groups
- Exercise opposing muscle groups for a balanced workout
- Breathe naturally; inhale during the eccentric phase and exhale during the concentric phase
- Avoid holding your breath while straining to lift a weight
- Allow adequate recovery time between sets of exercises
- Discontinue training if you experience unusual discomfort or pain
- Use common sense on days when you feel fatigued or when performing sets to complete fatigue
- Stretch (static) for a few minutes at the end of each strength-training session
How is strength training different in women?
- Does not cause muscle hypertrophy as in men
2. Changes in body composition can lead to reduction in inches but not body weight
Define plyometric exercise
Explosive training incorporating speed and strength training to enhance explosiveness
Define the overload principle
demands placed on a system (cardiorespiratory or muscular) must be increased systematically over time to cause physiological development
Define static stretching
Holding a stretched position
Define dynamic stretching
Moving slowly and rhythmically through a full range of motion
Define ballistic stretching
Moving through a range of motion with bobbing (not recommended)
Define hypermobility
Excessive range of motion
What type of stretching should be done pre workout?
Dynamic stretching
What type of stretching should be done post workout?
Static stretching
What types of stretching are not recommended?
Ballistic
What are the benefits of flexibility?
- Promotes healthy muscles and joints
- Improves elasticity of muscles and connective tissue around joints, enhancing freedom of movement
- Relief of muscle soreness
- Makes activities of daily living (turning, lifting, and bending) much easier to perform
- Helps prevent low back and other spinal column problems
- Improves and maintains good postural alignment
- Promotes proper and graceful body movement
- Improves personal appearance and self-image
- Helps develop and maintain motor skills throughout life
What are factors that affect flexibility?
- Genetics
- Physical activity
- Joint & bone structure
- Ligament strength
- Tendons
- Muscles
- Tissue injury
- Adipose tissue (fat)
- Body temperature
- Age
- Gender
How does flexibility affect low-back pain?
It helps
