Exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
- following the COLLAPSE OF THE PERUZZI AND BARDI banks and utilizing the return of the pope to italy as an advantage..
- considered first of the Medici dynasty.
- Began the first system of loan and banking for the papal systems in florence by using his own wealth.
- created the MONTE COMUNALE (bank of loaning and creating bonds for city growth),
- further helps to fund art and education projects sparking the renaissance.
A
Cosimo de Medici
2
Q
The Ciompi Revolt
A
- Was a several year revolt of underrepresented laborers in FLORENCE (late 1300s). -These were typically members outside of the very powerful and prosperous wool guilds of that time (the ARTI MAGGIORI).
- They suffered high taxation and underrepresentation. -led to violent revolt.
- Ended when city administrator SALUTATI was able to successfully satisfy ciompi by RAISING WAGES. (he was a moderate and fair politician)
- IS A GOOD EXAMPLE OF A TIME WHEN LABOR STRIKE LED TO A POSITIVE OUTCOME FOR THE STRIKING PARTY.
3
Q
- ushered in the esoteric philosophy of Hermeticism.
- Influenced by Neoplatonic visioneer Marsilio Ficino.
- used things like the Kabbala, Egyptian writings, and Copernicus model of a heliocentric universe.
- Basically said that there was a single truth evident in all religions
A
Giordano Bruno
4
Q
- Literally meaning the people, represented those of Italian cities that had wanted greater political powers in the wake of budding commerce and economic systems that had spawned in earlier centuries.
- The Popolo formed the various GUILD systems that took power away from the magnates.
- Helped establish the POPULAR COMMUNE.
A
Popolo
5
Q
Julius II
A
- POPE JULIUS II OF DELLA ROVERe family in ROME.
- didnt like the previous spanish pope, Alex VI.
6
Q
- of the Venetian Republic.
- a 2000 member organized body.
- Was the council established that were tasked with electing the SENATE OF VENICE (the 300 members).
A
Great Council
7
Q
the Monte Communale
A
- was a Public Bank IN used by the PAPACY (just after it had returned from Avignon).
- FLORENCE
- created LOANS for the city gov, and a BOND SYSTEM TO GENERATE GROWTH IN FLORENCE.
- created by COSIMO MEDICI (the “first” of the medici)
- ALLOWED FOR COMMONER FOLKS TO TAKE OUT MICRO LOANS/
8
Q
- Pope in ROME.
- part of DELLA ROVERE family
- helped restore papal authority.
- helped build and fund sistine chapel.
A
Sixtus IV
9
Q
Pope Boniface VIII
A
- Attempted to strengthen PAPAL POWER but ultimately fails and will result in the papacy to move to Avignon France!
- During his reign he tried to increase his powers in France but butted up against KING PHILIP IV (philip the fair). He wanted to control taxes and such.
- Phil tries to use lawyers to disempower Boniface and ultimately this causes BONIFACE TO HAVE A FATAL HEART ATTACK.
- the fallout from this ultimately leads to CLEMENT THE V being elected as POPE AND MOVING THE PAPACY from ROME TO AVIGNON FRANCE (the avignon papacy 70 some odd years)
10
Q
Marsilio Ficino
A
- ushered in the philosophy of NEOPLATONISM
- an INSTRUCTOR of ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHY and opened up his own SCHOOL based around PLATO’s work.
- Blended christian teachings with PLATO philosophy.
- Believed the GEOCENTRIC model of the universe.
- Believed planets moved via angels and human emotion.
- Influenced people like GIORDANO BRUNO
11
Q
- as related to the Renaissance, was a system of thought based on primarily SECULAR VALUES (but was not atheistic) and placed an importance on HUMAN achievement/art/culture.
- Encouraged citizenry to educate themselves primarily through study of the HUMANITIES which was based around PRACTICAL MORE USEABLE KNOWLEDGE.
- Argued that HUMANS HAVE FREE WILL, BEYOND ANY GODS’ CONTROL.
- Promulgated by scholars such as Francesco Petrarch. -Often competed against the authority of the church.
- can vary in type: classical (self teaching through the literature), civic (for the “city”), christian (in terms of spirituality)
A
Humanism
12
Q
Cosimo de Medici
A
- following the COLLAPSE OF THE PERUZZI AND BARDI banks and utilizing the return of the pope to italy as an advantage..
- considered first of the Medici dynasty. -Began the first system of loan and banking for the papal systems in florence by using his own wealth.
- created the MONTE COMUNALE (bank of loaning and creating bonds for city growth),
- further helps to fund art and education projects sparking the renaissance.
13
Q
- represented factions of peoples within the italian cities that claimed Allegiance to PAPAL POWERS and the GUILD systems..
- Stood in opposition to the Ghibellines.
- Triumph over the Ghibellines by 1290, but split into black and white faction, but ultimately lead to the papacy and guild systems to take over.
A
Guelfs
14
Q
The Franciscan Revolution
A
- Part of the ORIGINS of HUMANISM.
- Headed by St. Francis of Assisi
- .Pope Innocent III provided Francis the order of the FRIARS within the church and ultimately led to the things that Francis was able to promote. blah blah. go look at his card for more info.
15
Q
Alexander VI
A
-some spanish pope that nobody likes.
16
Q
Ghibellines
A
- represented factions of peoples within the italian cities that claimed Allegiance to IMPERIAL POWERS and the NOBILITY..
- stood in opposition to the GUELFS. -are defeated by the Guelfs by 1290, allowing for guild systems to take hold.
17
Q
-
A
St. Mark
18
Q
the Great Schism
A
- was a political dispute within the catholic church at a time when 3 men claimed to be the true pope after.
- ended via the COUNCIL OF CONSTANCE.
- the effects of this creates the CONCILIAR movement which sought to MAKE THE POPE LESS OF A MONARCH.
19
Q
-some spanish pope that nobody likes.
A
Alexander VI
20
Q
Empiricism
A
- the theory that all knowledge is derived from OBSERVATION.
- Was a product of the FRANCISCAN REVOLUTION.
- part of the HUMANIST MOVEMENTS
- Led to EXPERIMENTATION.
21
Q
Countess Matilda
A
-was a leader of TUSCANY until about 1115 ce and left NO HEIR meaning that merchants and traders can take over the cities and create places like FLORENCE. RESULTS IN THE RISE OF A NEW WEALTHY COMMONER KNOWN AS POPOLLO (USUALLY IN GUILDS)
22
Q
Francesco Petrarch
A
- Italian Scholar and poet and major (early) player in the HUMANIST movement.
- Coined the term “medieval”.
- Responsible for reviving an interest in CLASSICAL TEXTS and interest in HUMANITIES due to his finding letters of Cicero (Roman statesman and orator).
23
Q
Giordano Bruno
A
- ushered in the esoteric philosophy of Hermeticism.
- Influenced by Neoplatonic visioneer Marsilio Ficino.
- used things like the Kabbala, Egyptian writings, and Copernicus model of a heliocentric universe.
- Basically said that there was a single truth evident in all religions
24
Q
- was a humanist and Catholic priest of ROME.
- pissed off the church because he EXPOSED that the “donation of constantine” document that stated rome was a gift for the pope’s from constantine in the 4th century was a FORGERY.
A
Lorenzo Valla
25
Q
were these bank corporations that collapsed in Florence because they gave out way too many loans that did not see returns.
A
bardi and peruzzi banks
26
Q
(1267-1337) -was a supporter of the Franciscan order (friars) but not a member. -a contemporary of dante’s and another early influencer of the approaching Renaissance movement.
- as an artist, he was discovered and taken as apprentice by fellow artist Cimabue who found his charcoal sheep drawings very realistic (one of the first to bring about the REALIST movement?)
- Grew up as poor peasant.
A
Giotto di Bondone
27
Q
Catasto
A
- was a florentine CENSUS system created by COSIMO DE MEDICI). -helped to find out how many people lived where and what kind of wealth they were bringing in for TAXATION purposes.
- Cosimo may or may not have manipulated these documents for his own purposes (he did though and he was accused and exiled for it , tho he returns in no big part thanks to the papacy).
28
Q
Duke Ludovico “il Moro”
A
…and the Swiss Companies
29
Q
Great Council
A
- of the Venetian Republic. -a 2000 member organized body.
- Was the council established that were tasked with electing the SENATE OF VENICE (the 300 members).
30
Q
Neoplatonism
A
- an esoteric school of thought promulgated by MARSILIO FICINO.
- Believed in a geocentric model of the universe and that the heavenly bodies were influenced by human emotion.
31
Q
- represented factions of peoples within the italian cities that claimed Allegiance to IMPERIAL POWERS and the NOBILITY..
- stood in opposition to the GUELFS.
- are defeated by the Guelfs by 1290, allowing for guild systems to take hold.
A
Ghibellines
32
Q
- a rigid world order based on biblical teachings and born out of Christian monastic schools.
- Reinforced papal authority by claiming that a true hierarchy existed made up of knights, nobles, priests, angels, etc.
- Attempted to explain all notions of reality, example: GEOCENTRISM -competed with humanism.
A
Scholasticism
33
Q
- Was a several year revolt of underrepresented laborers in FLORENCE (late 1300s). -These were typically members outside of the very powerful and prosperous wool guilds of that time (the ARTI MAGGIORI).
- They suffered high taxation and underrepresentation.
- led to violent revolt.
- Ended when city administrator SALUTATI was able to successfully satisfy ciompi by RAISING WAGES. (he was a moderate and fair politician)
- IS A GOOD EXAMPLE OF A TIME WHEN LABOR STRIKE LED TO A POSITIVE OUTCOME FOR THE STRIKING PARTY.
A
The Ciompi Revolt
34
Q
- an esoteric school of thought promulgated by MARSILIO FICINO.
- Believed in a geocentric model of the universe and that the heavenly bodies were influenced by human emotion.
A
Neoplatonism
35
Q
- centered around CHARITY. (mostly due to the effects of the plague).
- Was expressed in SCHOLARLY form.
- an emphasis made on making CHRIST A RELATABLE FIGURE. (his life and suffering, his apostles)
A
Christian Humanism
36
Q
Giotto di Bondone
A
(1267-1337) -was a supporter of the Franciscan order (friars) but not a member.
- a contemporary of dante’s and another early influencer of the approaching Renaissance movement.
- as an artist, he was discovered and taken as apprentice by fellow artist Cimabue who found his charcoal sheep drawings very realistic (one of the first to bring about the REALIST movement?)
- Grew up as poor peasant.
37
Q
Christian Humanism
A
- centered around CHARITY. (mostly due to the effects of the plague).
- Was expressed in SCHOLARLY form.
- an emphasis made on making CHRIST A RELATABLE FIGURE. (his life and suffering, his apostles)
38
Q
- was a Public Bank IN used by the PAPACY (just after it had returned from Avignon). -FLORENCE
- created LOANS for the city gov, and a BOND SYSTEM TO GENERATE GROWTH IN FLORENCE.
- created by COSIMO MEDICI (the “first” of the medici)
- ALLOWED FOR COMMONER FOLKS TO TAKE OUT MICRO LOANS/
A
the Monte Communale
39
Q
Ducat
A
- Venetian GOLD coin.
- Became a widely used form of currency throughout all of Europe.
- Rivaled the florentine FLORIN.
40
Q
St. Mark
A
-
41
Q
Conciliarism
A
- the movement by clergy and others to model the papacy after a republic, versus a monarchy (which it had been).
- designed to limit papal power.
Rivaled the GALLICAN movement.
-Came about during and after the GREAT SCHISM which resulted in the papacy to move BACK TO ROME.
42
Q
- POPE JULIUS II OF DELLA ROVERe family in ROME.
- didnt like the previous spanish pope, Alex VI.
A
Julius II
43
Q
the Medici Papacy
A
- Lorenzo de medici’s son BECOMES POPE LEO X! ROME NOT FLORENCE.
- AIDED BY CHARLES THE V HRE.
44
Q
…House of Visconti
-PART OF MILAN.
A
Duke Giangaleazo
45
Q
- (this might be a mistake….)
- hes the pope that returns from Avignon BACK TO ROME in order to restore it.
- i guess he was influenced by ST CATHERINE TOO.
- He decided to make a return because he saw the power shifting away from the church throughout all italy (oh yea and he got betrayed by some english mercenary who got paid off by the florentines to say fuck it and not help greg)
- he dies but what follows is the GREAT SCHISM.
A
Gregory xi
46
Q
Angevin Italy
A
- Was the French rulership, notably under CHARLES I of Sicily and the Kingdom of NAPLES.
- Was supported by the papacy but fiercely resented by Ghibellines and supporters of the German Emperorship.
47
Q
- in VENICE.
- was essentially where they built both ship’s for private enterprise, as well as ships for the city’s defense.
- Was a major component to the City’s function: provided work for workers and defense for the city.
A
the Arsenal
48
Q
- Italian Scholar and poet and major (early) player in the HUMANIST movement. -Coined the term “medieval”.
- Responsible for reviving an interest in CLASSICAL TEXTS and interest in HUMANITIES due to his finding letters of Cicero (Roman statesman and orator).
A
Francesco Petrarch
