Exam #1

Question 1

Decreased Dopamine

Answer 1

Parkinson’s disease, depression

Question 2

Decreased Norepinephrine

Answer 2

depression

Question 3

Decreased Serotonin (5-HT)

Answer 3

depression

Question 4

Decreased Histamine (H1, H2)

Answer 4

sedation and weight gain

Question 5

Decreased Y-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Answer 5

anxiety, schizophrenia, mania, and Huntington’s disease.

Question 6

Decrease Glutamate (NMDA receptors)

Answer 6

psychosis

Question 7

Increase Glutamate (AMPA receptors)

Answer 7

improvement of cognitive performance in behavior task.

Question 8

Decreased Acetylcholine

Answer 8

AZD, Huntington’s Disease

Question 9

• has antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects in depression
• promotes/reinforces memory
• enhances sensitivity to pain receptors–activates
• involved in regulation of mood and anxiety, role in pain management

Answer 9

substance p

Question 10

Decreased Somatostatin

Answer 10

• altered levels of cognitive disease

- Alzheimer’s Disease

Question 11

• endogenous antipsychotic-like properties

- decreased levels found in spinal fluid of patients with schizophrenia

Answer 11

Neurotensin (NT)

Question 12

Behavioral Therapist

Answer 12

Skinner, Watson, Pavlov

Question 13

• aim is to eradicate core irrational beliefs by helping people recognize thoughts that are not accurate, sensible or useful
• thoughts tend to take the form of should (ex: I should always be polite), oughts’ (I ought to consistently win), musts (I must be thin)
• Boils down to perceiving the glass as half full or half empty

Answer 13

Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy

Question 14

• Cognitive-Behavior Therapy – Theorists -

Answer 14

Aaron Beck

Question 15

Schemas

Answer 15

unique assumption about themselves, others and the world in genera

Question 16

Automatic Thoughts

Answer 16

rapid, unthinking responses based on schemas

Question 17

is form of automatic response, are irrational and lead to false assumptions and misinterpretations

Answer 17

Cognitive Distortions

Question 18

Individual Psychotherapy is an effective short term tx derived from?

Answer 18

Sullivan and Meyer

Question 19

Goal of Individual Psychotherapy ?

Answer 19

to reduce or eliminate psychiatric symptoms by improving interpersonal functioning and satisfaction with social relationships

Question 20

What does y-aminobutyric do?

Answer 20

• plays a role in inhibition, reduces aggression, excitation, and anxiety.
• May reduce role in pain perception, has anticonvulsant and muscle relaxing properties.
• anticonvulsant and muscle-relaxing properties
• may impair cognition and psychomotor functioning

Question 21

Believe that thoughts come before feelings and actions, and thoughts about the world and our place in it are based on our own unique perspectives

Answer 21

Cognitive Theory

Question 22

Interpersonal Theory theorist

Answer 22

Sullivan

Question 23

Interpersonal Theory Defined personality as?

Answer 23

behavior that can be observed within interpersonal relationships

Question 24

Interpersonal Theory defined anxiety as?

Answer 24

any painful feeling or emotion that arises from social insecurity or prevents biological needs from being satisfied

Question 25

According to Freud, defense mechanisms are created by the ______ for what purpose?

Answer 25

- Ego | - to ward off anxiety

Question 26

They deny, falsify, or distort reality to make it less threatening

Answer 26

defense mechanisms

Question 27

According to Freud, the ID is?

Answer 27

- Source of all instincts, reflexes, needs, genetic inheritance, and capacity to respond, as well as all the wishes that motivate us - If the Id is too powerful, the person will lack control over impulses

Question 28

If the superego is too powerful,

Answer 28

the person may be self-critical and suffer from feelings of inferiority

Question 29

Which theory believes: - Personality traits and responses (good and bad) are socially learned through classical conditioning - Believed behaviorism is more objective or measurable

Answer 29

- Watson’s Behaviorism Theory

Question 30

Which theory states that voluntary behaviors learned through consequences and elicited through reinforcement (positive or negative)

Answer 30

Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Theory

Question 31

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs?

Answer 31

1. Physiological needs: food, oxygen, sleep, water, sex, body temp 2. Safety needs: Security, protection, freedom from fear, anxiety, and chaos, and the need for law, order, and limits 3. Belonging and love needs: Family, home, identifiable group 4. Esteem needs: self-regard, reflect it to others 5. Self-actualization: Human beings are preset to strive to be everything they are capable of becoming 6. Self-transcendence

Question 32

What would be the reasons for someone to undergo an involuntary admission?

Answer 32

- Imminent danger of harming self. - Imminent danger of harming others. - Unable to care for basic needs, placing individual at imminent risk of harming self.

Question 33

10. Abstract vs. Concrete thinking (Piaget):

Answer 33

- Abstract- does not exist in a particular time or place, involves a mental process - Concrete- involves facts and descriptions about every day, tangible objects

Question 34

An unshakable theory or belief in something false and impossible, despite evidence to the contrary.

Answer 34

Delusion

Question 35

false sensory perception without an external stimulus that can result in a positive or negative experience.

Answer 35

Hallucinations

Question 36

seeing something that isn't really there or hearing noises or voices that do not actually exist are examples of?

Answer 36

hallucinations

Question 37

Risk Factors for suicide?

Answer 37

- Lethal suicide plan. - History of suicide attempt. - Co-occurring psychiatric and medical illness. - History of child abuse/family history. - Isolation, unemployment - Stressful life events. - Hopelessness, panic attack.

Question 38

Increased Dopamine levels are seen in which psychiatric disorders?

Answer 38

Schizophrenia, mania

Question 39

Increased dopamine

Answer 39

schizophrenia, mania

Question 40

Increased Norepinephrine

Answer 40

mania, anxiety, schizophrenia

Question 41

Increased Serotonin (5-HT)

Answer 41

anxiety states

Question 42

Increase in GABA

Answer 42

reduction in anxiety.

Question 43

Prolonged increase state of NMDA?

Answer 43

can be neurotoxic; neurodegeneration in AZD

Question 44

Increased AcH

Answer 44

depression

Question 45

Increased Somatostatin

Answer 45

Huntington’s Disease