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NSG 330 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

mitosis

A

process by which body cells replicate for growth and development and cell replacement of an organism

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2
Q

meiosis

A

process by which gametes are formed for the reproduction of the organism

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3
Q

gestational period

A

9 months (38-42 weeks)

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4
Q

implantation

A

begins 6 days after fertilization

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5
Q

Stages of prenatal development

A

ovum (conception - 14 days)
embryo (2 wks - 8wks)
fetus (9 wks - end of pregnancy)

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6
Q

endoderm

A

inner germ layer, epithelial inner linings of GI and respiratory tracts, endocrine glands, and auditory canal

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7
Q

yolk sac

A

aids in transfer of maternal nutrients and O2 to embryo before placenta forms

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8
Q

decidua

A

uterine lining during pregnancy; provides nutritional support for developing embryo before placenta; has a fetal side and maternal side

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9
Q

decidua vera

A

aka parietalis; lines the remainder of the uterus; “the walls of a house”

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10
Q

decidua basalis

A

portion of the decidua where implantation (nidation) takes place; the base; chorionic villi anchored here

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11
Q

decidua capsularis

A

portion that covers blastocyst after implantation; fuses with chorion as pregnancy advances; covers the embryo as it bulges into the uterine cavity; “the roof”

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12
Q

chorion

A

OUTER membrane which blends with fetal portion of placenta

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13
Q

amnion

A

INNER membrane which blends with the fetal umbilical cord

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14
Q

mesoderm

A

connective tissue, teeth (except for enamel), muscles, blood, and vascular systems

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15
Q

ectoderm

A

outside germ layer, skin, nails, nervous system, and teeth enamel

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16
Q

first organ system to function in the developing human

A

cardiovascular system

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17
Q

hemodynamics

A

blood flows from area of higher pressure to lower pressure

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18
Q

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

A

preserves function of ovarian corpus luteum to ensure sufficient levels of EST. and PROGEST. to maintain pregnancy
-miscarriage occurs if this stops before placenta produces sufficient est. & progest.

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19
Q

estrogen

A

stimulates uterine growth and extra-placental blood flow

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20
Q

progesterone

A

maintains endometrium; decreases contractility of uterus; stimulates maternal metabolism and development of breast alveoli

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21
Q

fetal viability

A

capacity of fetus to live outside of uterus at earliest gestational age (usually 20+ weeks after conception, 500 g or more)

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22
Q

gravidity

A

of pregnancies REGARDLESS OF OUTCOME

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23
Q

parity

A

of pregnancies carried to 20 weeks (regardless of outcome, i.e. stillbirth)

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24
Q

G’T’PAL

A

of pregnancies carried to term, 37+ weeks gestation

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25
Q

GTP’A’L

A

of abortions, spontaneous or therapeutic, before 20 weeks

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26
Q

GTPA’L’

A

of currently living children

27
Q

Nagele’s Rule

A

day of LMP - 3 months + 7 days + 1 YEAR = due date

28
Q

iron

A

best absorbed between meals with calcium; 30 mg/day; red meat, beef liver, fish, poultry, dried peas, beans, seafood, dark leafy greens, iron-fortified cereals

29
Q

folic acid

A

600 mg/day; lentils, dried beans, peas, nuts, avocado, dark leafy greens, citrus fruits and juices

30
Q

calcium

A

essential for absorption/metabolism of Vitamin D; 1000 mg/day; milk, fortified OJ, veggies, dark leafy greens, legumes, fortified soy milk

31
Q

protein

A

71 mg/day

32
Q

typical changes in maternal VS

A 
Hgb: 11+
Hct: 33+
Platelets: 150,000-400,000 3-5 days after birth, then increases rapidly
WBCs: 5,000-15,000
Plasma: 2400 (40-50% increase)
33
Q

toxoplasmosis

A

caused by cat litter, raw uncooked meat, unpasteurized milk

34
Q

Group Beta Streptococcus

A

leading cause of life-threatening perinatal infections

  • transmission occurs during vaginal delivery
  • permanent neurological disability can result
35
Q

Haegar’s sign

A

softening and compression of lower uterus at 6-12 weeks

36
Q

Chadwick’s sign

A

deepened violet bluish color of cervix and vaginal mucosa at 6-8 weeks

37
Q

Goodell’s sign

A

increased softening of cervical tip at 5th week

38
Q

ballottement

A

rebound of unengaged fetus

39
Q

Braxton-Hicks contractions

A

“false labor” ; painless, irregular, usually relieved by walking

40
Q

home pregnancy test

A

look for hCG; can be detected 7-10 days after conception; most accurate to use first voided specimen in the AM

41
Q

ultrasounds

A

can confirm pregnancy at 5-6 weeks

42
Q

x-ray

A

can confirm pregnancy at 16 weeks

43
Q

certified nurse-midwife

A

RN’s with education in the two disciplines of nursing and midwifery
-Master’s level

44
Q

Direct entry Midwives

A

Trained in midwifery schools, colleges, or universities; a nursing degree is not required; bachelor’s level

45
Q

obstetrician

A

See low and high risk pregnant women for care that involves pharmacological and medical management of problems, as well as use of technological procedures

46
Q

physician

A

Provide care for primarily low-risk pregnant women and refer high-risk women to obstetricians

47
Q

doula

A

trained to provide physical, emotional, and informational support to women and their partners during L&D; NOT involved with clinical tasks

48
Q

amniocentesis

A

done between 13th and 24th weeks of pregnancy; amniotic fluid drawn out and tested for alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

49
Q

chorionic villi sampling

A

done b/w 10th and 12th week of pregnancy; tests for chromosomal abnormalities

50
Q

percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS)

A

tested fetal blood for chromosomes in cases where results are needed STAT and/or when amniocentesis or CVS test results are ambiguous

51
Q

weight gain for normal BMI

A

25-35 lbs

52
Q

weight gain for overweight BMI

A

15-25 lbs

53
Q

weight gain for underweight BMI

A

28-40 lbs

54
Q

weight gain for multiples (twins +)

A

35-45 lbs

55
Q

hyperemesis gravidarum

A

prolonged, severe N/V in pregnancy that leads to dehydration, ketonuria, electrolyte imbalances, and weight loss

56
Q

pyrosis

A

caused by PROGESTERONE decreasing smooth muscle contractility

57
Q

operculum

A

mucous plug; develops from leucorrhea to prevent bacteria entry

58
Q

leucorrhea

A

whitish vaginal discharge

59
Q

chloasma

A

blotchy spots of darker skin; common skin change in pregnancy

60
Q

epulis

A

“pregnancy tumor”; lesion identical to a pyogenic granuloma that only occurs during pregnancy

61
Q

diastasis recti abdominis

A

the large abdominal muscles separate during pregnancy

62
Q

ptyalism

A

hypersalivation

63
Q

acroesthesia

A

excessive physical sensitivity, esp. of the skin

NSG 330 (1 decks)

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