Exam 1 Flashcards
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
World Health Organization (WHO)
who defined public health as “The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and efficiency through organized community efforts
Winslow in 1920
Who defines dental public health as “The science and art of preventing and controlling dental disease and promoting dental health through organized community efforts. It is that form of dental practice that serves that community as a patient rather than the individual. It is concerned with dental health education of the public, with applied dental research and with the administration of group dental care programs, as well as the prevention and control of dental diseases on a community basis”
American Board of dental public health (ABDPH)
What is the most distinctive difference between public health practice and private practice
Is the concept of the community as the patient
Patient is the person currently in the dental chair and care is provided based on the individuals needs and desires
Private practice
Even in a clinical setting, the care decisions for the person in your chair are impacted by the larger community and the setting in which the person is treated along with financing mechanisms
Public health
What are the roles of the dental hygienist described by the American Dental Hygienists Association (ADHA)
- Advocate
- Educator
- Clinician
- Researcher
- Administrator/ manager
What is the ethical responsibility of all health care practitioners
To work toward improvement of the health of the community, especially for those who have limited access to care or cannot advocate for themselves
3 core functions of public health agencies
- Assessment
- Policy Development
- Assurance
Which phase is public health activities were related to the elimination and control of diseases that grew out of rapid industrialization and crowded and poor living conditions
First Phase
Which phase is population base prevention strategies were possible with advances in bacteriology and immunization, reducing the effects of infections disease. Immunization programs were an outgrowth of this phase
Second phase
Which phase allowed further shift to the treatment of disease through increasingly complex medical tx. intervention occurred increasingly in hospitals rather than with community base public health measures. Many major infectious diseases, such smallpox, were eradicated developed
Third phase
Which phase arises from the realization that technology may be strikingly effective in the tx or cure of acute health problems but ineffective in managing chronic lifestyle diseases and controlling the spiraling cost of high technology health care
Fourth phase
what year did controlled clinical trails of water fluoridation began
1945
what was considered one of ten great public health achievements
water fluoridation
who began a course of study for his assistant, Irene Newman. This profession was positioned around the public health practice. The dental hygienist was to provide education and tx in the community setting and work as promoter for dental care.
Dr. Alford C. Phones 1906
What controlled clinical trails of water fluoridation. These trails led to the establishment of water fluoridation as a safe, effective means of preventing dental caries.
NIDCR National institute of dental craniofacial Research on 1945
The mission if the dental hygiene profession and the professional roles of dental hygienists are a
reflection of the natural fit between dental hygiene and public health, which was envisioned by Dr. Alfred Fones
Who prepared the first dental hygienist
Dr. Alfred Fones
The third phase of public health included all the following except the:
A. tx of disease with complex medical tx
B. eradication of small pox
C. intervention through hospitalization rather than community
D. cure fir acute health problems
E. effective management of chronic, lifestyle- related disease
E. effective management of chronic, life-style- related disease
State dental public health units originally developed as a result of the
Maternal and child health grants to states
The controlled clinical trails of water fluoridation began in
1945
The primary reason for developing the NIDR was to
Address the national dental problems discovered through selective service rejections
Core functions of public health include
Assessment
assurance
policy development
Although oral health problems affect everyone, certain populations subgroups, defined by demographic factors such as
Age, sex, race, or ethnicity, socioeconomics status, primary language, geography, medical or disability status, and behavioral lifestyles, experience higher levels of oral disease
What races generally have the poorest oral health of the racial and ethnic groups in the US
Non-Hispanic, Blacks, Hispanics, American Indians, and Alaska Natives
What are the two largest public health care financial programs are
Medicare and Medicaid
Which public health care financial program has never provided coverage for oral health services
Medicare
Which health care program is “jointly funded”, by federal and state for certain low income and needy people. Oral health service for children are mandatory under this
Medicaid
What is jointly funded federal-state program that provides health insurance coverage for children up to age 19 whose families do not qualify for Medicaid and are 2x that of federal poverty level
Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP)
Assessment of risk factors and protective factors for dental caries, periodontal disease, malocclusion and oral injury
Rick Assessment
Counseling families about their children’s current oral health status and what to expect at upcoming development stages
Anticipatory guidance
What uses electronic information and communicates technology to provide and support health care provided in distant location
Tele-dentistry
Which of the following persons is least likely to have difficulty accessing dental care?
A. A frail, elderly women who is homebound
B. A 20-year old, male, Hispanic, migrant agricultural worker
C. A 40-year old female American Indian in an isolated Alaskan village
D. a 59 year old state government worker
E. A 2 yr old who lives in a single parent family with his five brothers and is eligible for but not enrolled in Medicaid
A 59 yr old state government worker
Which is not a true statement
A. Dental caries is the single most common chronic children’s disease
B. over 50% of child abuse cases involve head and oral facial trauma
C. Uninsured children are 2.5 times less likely than insured children to receive dental care
D. less than 200 school hours are lost to dental related illness each year
Less than 200 school hours are lost to dental- related illness each year
The Surgeon generals report, A national call of action to promote oral health, covers five actions. Which of the following is not one of the actions?
A. Change public of oral health
B. Increase oral health workforce diversity, capacity, and flexibility
C. Build the science base and accelerate science transfer
D. Promote more disciplinary rather than interdisciplinary collaborations
Promote more disciplinary rather than interdisciplinary collaborations
All of the following trends may increase access to care Except
A. Teledentistry
B. mobile and portable dentistry
C. Dental expansion of community health centers
D. more restrictive dental and dental hygiene state practice acts
More restrictive dental and dental hygiene state practice acts
Which of the following is an accurate representation of a current dental public health workforce issue?
Ethnic representation in the dental public health workforce does not mirror representation in the population served by public health programs
All of the following are considered barriers to implementing evidence- based dental public health practice EXCEPT
A. Time it take for practitioners to adopt new research
B. The translation of techniques used successfully in private practice with individual pt to a community base population
C. Not having enough scientists to review previous studies
D. the lack of funded oral health research in community based settings
not having enough scientists to review previous studies
What is the directing force within the united Nations system. It provides leadership on global health matters, shapes heath research by setting norms and standards, communicating evidence-based policy options, which provides technical support to countries and monitors and assesses health trends
The World Health Organization (WHO)
What are the forms of barriers to oral health care plan
- Structural barriers
- Financial
- personal/ cultural
which barriers are related to the numbers, type, concentration, location, or organizational configuration of health care providers
Structural barriers
Which barriers has limit access because of a patients inability to pay for service, or providers who choose not to provide care for those with limited finances
Financial barriers
which barriers inhibit patients from seeking care or following provider recommendations based on personal or cultural beliefs.
Personal/ cultural barriers
What barriers are faced when accessing oral health care?
Structural
Cultural
Financial
Personal
Approximately how many countries worldwide use dental therapists or dental nurse providers to provide oral health care
50
All of the following groups have limited access to oral health care Except A. minorities B. poor children C. rural residents D. people of low socioeconomic position E. working professionals
working professionals
Which organization monitors health issues on a global scale?
World Health Organization (WHO)
Structural barriers to oral health include
The number, type, and distribution of health care providers
Alternative models for health care delivery
All of the above
The American Dental Hygienists Assoication (ADHA) developed the Types of Dental Hygiene Careers, which incudes the different roles as a hygienist
- Administrator/ manager
- Clinician
- Advocate
- Educator
- Researchers
ADEA community involvement competencies for entry into the professional of dental hygiene
- Asses the oral health needs of the community and the quality and availability of resources
- Provide screening, referral, educational services that allow pt./clients to access the resources of the health care system
- Provide community oral health services in a variety of settings
- Facilitate pt./client access to oral health services by influencing individuals and/or organizations for the provision of oral health care
- Evaluate reimbursement mechanisms and their impact on the pt access to oral health care
- Evaluate the outcomes of community-based programs and plan for future activities
The primary difference between public health practice and private practice is
the community is the client, rather than an individual
Which organization has developed competency statements specifically for the newly graduated dental hygienist
American Dental Education Association
What is the primary department of the federal government that oversees public health activities at the national level?
department of Health and Human Services
What is under the jurisdiction of the Dept. of Health and Human Services
United states Public Health service (USPHS)
As defined by Webster “a physical and mental well-being; freedom from disease”
Health
Health is a state of complete physical mental and social well-being and is not nearly the absence of disease or infirmity
Defined by world health Organization
Defines health “fulfilling society’s” interest in assuring conditions in which people can be healthy
Institute of medicine (IOM)
A key public health event occurred in August 1935
The social security act
10 great public health achievements of the 20th century
Vaccination
Motor vehicle safety workplace safety infectious disease control reduction in death from coronary heart disease and stroke
safer and healthier food
Healthier mothers and babies
Family planning
Fluoridated drinking water
Recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard
The NIDR was changed to what?
NIDCR
The mission of the ADHA is to
Improve the public’s total health
One of the largest and employers of dental personnel in the Federal government is
United States Public Health Service (USPHS)
