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Learning and Behavior > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Natural selection

A

Traits that increased the preservation of the individual will be inherited by its offspring

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2
Q

Silver fox experiment

A

Artifically selected for tameness and caused other changes like fur color, floopy ears, barking and answering to names

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3
Q

Reflexes

A

A relationship between a specific event and a simple response to that event that is involuntary

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4
Q

Reflex arc

A

The path of a neural implulse from a sensory neuron to an effector(motor) neuron by way of an interneuron

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5
Q

Features of reflexes

A
  • not ever present fixtures: may be suppressed or learned

- not invariant: may change over time

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6
Q

Modal action patterns (MAP) AKA fixed action patterns

A
  • a more complex process than reflexes that occurs when members of a species produce the same response to an environental stimuli.
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7
Q

Sign stimulus

A

What initiates the reaction

Ex. Red belly

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8
Q

Genral behaivoral trait

A

Tendency to engage in a certain type of behivor based on genetic variation.

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9
Q

Learning

A

A change in behaovor due to experience or a change int he environment

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10
Q

Behaivor

A

Anything a person/animal does that can be measured

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11
Q

Stimuli

A

An event that affects behaivor

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12
Q

Habituation

A

The reduction in responsivness to a stimulus with repeated presentations and requires nervous system involvment

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13
Q

Sensory adaptations

A

Decreased response to a stimulus based on repeated presentations but happens only with the senses

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14
Q
  1. Measures of learning
A
  1. error rates
  2. topography
  3. intensity
  4. Speed
  5. Latency
  6. Rate
  7. Fluency
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15
Q

Error rates

A

Number of errors made over time

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16
Q

Topography

A

Shape of learning

17
Q

Latency

A

How long it takes to get a response after a stimulus

18
Q

Fluency

A

The number of things that you get right in acertain amount of time

19
Q

4 Sources of data

A
  1. Anecdotes
  2. Case studies
  3. Descriptive statistics
  4. Experimental srudies
20
Q

Between subjects

A

Comparing between one and another group

21
Q

Within subjects

A

Comparing within a single group in which are participants get all levels of the independent variable

22
Q

Pros and cons of experiments

A

Pro: good internal validity

Con; lacks external validity since we dont live in an artificial environment

23
Q

Lab vs field experiments

A

Lab: heavilly controlled
Field: natralistic environemnt

24
Q

US

A

Naturally elicits a response without learning

25
Q

UR

A

The response naturally following the US

26
Q

CS

A

No associative strengh to US but developes association through repeated pairings with the US

27
Q

CR

A

Response elicited by the CS

28
Q

Autoshaping

A

When an organism believes it must do unnessarily to get a reward

29
Q

Higher order conditioning

A

a strong conditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus causing the neutral stimulus to bcome a second conditioned stimulus.

30
Q

Test trial

A

When the CS is presented without the US

31
Q

3 measures of conditioned responses

A
  1. Magnitude
  2. Probabliity
  3. Latency
32
Q

ITI(intertrial intervals)

A

Time between trials

33
Q

ISI (interstimulus interval)

A

Time between presentation of the CS and the CR

34
Q

Delayed conditoning

A

When the CS is presented before the US but he US is presnted while the CS is still going on

35
Q

Trace conditoning

A

The CS is present before the US but he CS ends before the US is presented

36
Q

Simultaneous conditoning

A

The CS and US occur at the same time

37
Q

Backward

A

The US is presented befor the CS and it does not invoke the CR

Learning and Behavior (1 decks)

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