Exam 1

Question 1

Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic similarities

Answer 1

All have vesicles

All have vacuoles

Question 2

Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Differences

Answer 2

Size is small, Size is big
unicellular, Multicellular
no, More than one chromosomes
Multiple proteins act together to fold and condense prokaryotic DNA
Wrap DNA around proteins called histones
no, have chloroplasts
Chemically complexed Cell wall in plant cell and fungi

Question 3

Animal cell & plant cell Similarities

Answer 3

Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Nucleus

Question 4

Animal cell & plant cell differences

Answer 4

Round shape        Rectangular shape
One or more vacuoles        One
No        Chloroplast
No         Plastids
Cell membrane      Cell wall and membrane

Question 5

how we classify and name living things and properly write a species name

Answer 5

Genus, species

Question 6

Big whack hypothesis

Answer 6

more seasonal stability

Question 7

Water

Answer 7

from solar system

Question 8

size

Answer 8

right amount of gravity

Question 9

plate tectonics

Answer 9

terrestrial habitat

Question 10

goldilocks orbit

Answer 10

habitable temperature

Question 11

Describe the basic structure of a virus, why it is considered to be non-living, and how it is able to reproduce

Answer 11

Virus is an infectious particle consisting of nucleic acid enclosed in a protein coat
It is considered as non-living because they do not metabolism
They replicate themselves by inserting a host cell, to use enzymes, ribosomes, and small molecules of host cells to synthesize progeny viruses during replication.

Question 12

Describe the structure of DNA and RNA

Answer 12

five carbon sugar
phosphate
base pair
nitrogen base

Question 13

Explain how DNA is replicated in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including similarities and differences

Answer 13

Prokaryotes - 1 chromosome(usually circular), slightly packaged, 4.6 million nucleotide pairs, DNA replication is less than 1 hour
Eukaryotes - 46 chromosome(linear), highly packaged, 6 billion nucleotide pairs, DNA on cell replicated few hours
They both use enzyme

Question 14

Describe what happens during interphase and the mitotic phase of the cell cycle and relative time cells spend in each

Answer 14

Interphase: DNA is replicated

Mitotic phase: mitosis(DNA separation) and cytokinesis(cytoplasm divided).

Question 15

Identify sister chromatids, homologous chromosomes, and centromeres/ kinetochores

Answer 15

Identify sister chromatids, homologous chromosomes, and centromeres/ kinetochores

Question 16

Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis, describe examples of cells that undergo each (which happens in asexual vs sexual reproduction?)

Answer 16

Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis, describe examples of cells that undergo each (which happens in asexual vs sexual reproduction?)

Question 17

Explain sources of variation that arise from meiosis (3 sources of genetic variation)

Answer 17

• Crossing over Homologous chromosome pair —> as the chromosomes move closer together, synapsis occurs —> Chromatids break, and genetic information is exchanged
• Independent assortment different chromatid in daughter cell
• Random fertilization *any sperm can fuse with any egg.