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Biomechanics Exam 1 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is mechanics?

A

The study of FORCES and their effects

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2
Q

What is kinematics?

A

branch of mechancis that deals with the geometry of the motion of objects

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3
Q

What are examples of kinematics?

A

displacements, acceleration, velocity

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4
Q

What is kinetics?

A

the study of relationships between the force system acting on the body and the changes it produces in body motion

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5
Q

What is biomechanics?

A

uses principles of mechanics for SOLVING PROBLEMS related to structure and function of biologic and physiologic systems

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6
Q

What are the two biomechanical quantitative analyses used?

A

Scalars and Vectors

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7
Q

Which biomechanical quantitative analysis uses magnitude only?

A

Scalars

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8
Q

What are examples of scalars?

A

distance, speed, and mass

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9
Q

Which biomechanical quantitative analysis uses magnitude AND direction?

A

Vectors

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10
Q

What are examples of vectors?

A

displacement, velocity, acceleration, weight, momentum, and force

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11
Q

Which is a scalar quantity and which is the vector quantity:

Distance
Displacement

A

Distance= scalar

Displacement= vector

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12
Q

What does distance measure?

A

how much ground an object covered during its motion

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13
Q

What does displacement measure?

A

how far out of place an object is

Think: overall change in position

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14
Q

What is the DISTANCE of a runner if she begins at home, runs 20 miles, turns around, and finishes back at home?

A

40 miles

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15
Q

What is the DISPLACEMENT of a runner if she begins at home, runs 15 miles, turns around and finishes back at home?

A

0 miles

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16
Q

Which is the scalar quantity and which is the vector quantity:

Velocity
Speed

A

Speed: scalar quantity
Velocity: vector quantity

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17
Q

What measures how fast an object is moving?

A

Speed

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18
Q

What measures the rate at which an object covers distance?

A

Speed

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19
Q

Is speed or velocity ignorant of direction?

A

speed

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20
Q

What is the equation for speed?

A

Distance/time

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21
Q

What measures the rate at which an objects changes its position?

A

velocity

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22
Q

How do you maximize velocity?

A

by maximizing the amount displaced from the original position?

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23
Q

What is the equation for velocity?

A

displacement/time

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24
Q

Is speed or velocity direction aware?

A

velocity

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25
Q

On a road trip, you drive 450 miles and it takes you a total of 7.5 hours. What is your average speed?

A

60 miles per hour

26
Q

What is the velocity of your drive if you drive 450 miles from your house to grandma’s house, and it takes you a total of 7.5 hours. Assume displacement is equal to distance.

A

60 miles per hour

Displacement is 450
Time is 7.5 hours
450/7.5= 60 miles per hour

27
Q

What does HVLA stand for?

A

High Velocity, Low amplitude

28
Q

How does HVLA impact a chiropractic adjustment in terms of displacement and amplitude?

A

Rate of displacement= RAPID

Amplitude= short depth

29
Q

What is acceleration?

A

CHANGE in velocity/time

30
Q

True or False: If an object is not changing its velocity, then the object is not accelerating.

A

True

31
Q

True or False: Acceleration is a scalar quantity.

A

False; vector

32
Q

What are the two factors that determine the direction of the acceleration?

A

1) Whether the object is speeding up or slowing down

2) whether the object is moving in the + or - direction

33
Q

Which of the following is a scalar quantity? Which is a vector quantity?

Mass
Weight

A 
Mass= scalar
Weight= vector
34
Q

Which analysis refers to amount of matter that is contained by the object?

A

Mass

35
Q

Which quantity analysis is the force of gravity acting upon that object?

A

weight

36
Q

Is momentum a scalar quantity or vector quantity?

A

vector

37
Q

Which vector quantity refers to “mass in motion”?

A

momentum

38
Q

What is the equation for momentum?

A

mass*velocity

p=m*v

39
Q

Which has a larger momentum: a truck moving at a velocity of 24 m/s or a soft ball moving at the same velocity?

A

it would be the truck because it has more mass

40
Q

Is Force a vector or scalar quantity?

A

Vector

41
Q

Define: Force

A

Action upon a body causing it to deform or move

42
Q

What unit of measurement is used for Force?

A

Newtons (N)

43
Q

One Newton is the amount of force required to:

A

give 1-kg mass an acceleration of 1 m/s/s
or
1N= 1kg*m/s2

44
Q

What is the equation for Force?

A

Mass*Acceleration

45
Q

True or False: To increase Force, we either have to increase mass or decrease acceleration.

A

False;

To increase Force, we can either increase mass, increase acceleration or increase both

46
Q

What is the other name for Newton’s First Law of Motion?

A

Law of Inertia

47
Q

What is inertia?

A

resistance to having its state of motion changed by application of a force

48
Q

What does the Law of Inertia state?

A

An object at rests stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force

49
Q

What is the other name for Newton’s Second Law of Motion?

A

Law of Force and Acceleration

50
Q

What does the Law of Force and Acceleration State?

A

The acceleration of an object depends directly upon the net force acting upon the object, and inversely upon the mass of the object

51
Q

In line with Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Which would require more force for acceleration? A baseball or a car? Why?

A

A car would require more force for acceleration because it has more mass than a baseball.

52
Q

What is the other name for Newton’s Third Law of Motion?

A

Law of Action and Reaction

53
Q

What does Newton’s Third Law of Motion State?

A

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

54
Q

Explain the relationship of SIZE of force between two objects.

A

The size of the force on the first object EQUALS the size of the force on the second object

55
Q

Explain the relationship of the DIRECTION of force between two objects

A

the direction of the force on the first object is OPPOSITE the direction of the force on the second object

56
Q

True or False: Every action does not produce an equal and opposite reaction.

A

True (slide 28)

Every action FORCE is met with an equal and opposite reaction FORCE

57
Q

What is friction?

A

is the force that resists the sliding of two objects in contact

58
Q

What is normal stress?

A

the intensity of force perpendicular to the surface on which it acts

59
Q

What is an example of normal stress?

A

gravity

60
Q

What is shear stress?

A

the intensity of force parallel to the surface on which it acts

Biomechanics Exam 1 (1 decks)

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