Exam 1

Question 1

POB

Answer 1

The study and application of positively oriented human resource strengths and psychological capacities that can be measured, developed, and effectively managed for performance improvement in today’s workplace

Question 2

CHOSE

Answer 2

Confidence
Hope
Optimism
Subjective Well-being 
Emotional Intelligence

Question 3

Organizational Behavior

Answer 3

Interdisciplinary field 
	dedicated to better 
	understanding and 
	managing people 
	at work

Question 4

Pfeffer’s Seven People Centered Practices

Answer 4

1. Job Security
2. Careful Hiring
3. Power to the people
4. Generous pay for perf.
5. Lots of training
6. Less emphasis on status
7. Trust building

Question 5

Behavioral Rules of Thumb (3)

Answer 5

Categorical Imperative
Legalism
Cultural Relativism

Question 6

Outcomes of cost-benefit analysis (3)

Answer 6

Enlightened self-interest
Utilitarianism
Light of day

Question 7

Magnificent Seven; Principles for Managers

Answer 7

1. Dignity of human life
2. Autonomy
3. Honesty
4. Loyalty
5. Fairness
6. Humaneness
7. The common good

Question 8

Societal culture

Answer 8

socially derived, taken-for-granted assumptions about how to think and act

Question 9

Cultural Intelligence

Answer 9

the ability to accurately interpret ambiguous cross-cultural situations

Question 10

Hofstede Dimensions (4)

Answer 10

Power Distance
Individualism - Collectivism
Masculinity - Femininity
Uncertainty Avoidance

Question 11

Four layers of diversity

Answer 11

Personality
Internal Dimensions
External Dimensions
Organizational Dimension

Question 12

Challenges to Managing Diversity (10)

Answer 12

1. Inaccurate stereotypes and prejudices
2. Ethnocentrism
3. Poor career planning
4. hostile environment for diverse employees
5. Lack of political savvy on part of diverse employees
6. Balancing career and family issues
7. Reverse discrimination
8. not an organizational priority
9. need to revamp reward system
10. resistance to change

Question 13

Common Diversity Practices (3)

Answer 13

Accountability
Development
Recruitment

Question 14

Four Steps to Social Perception

Answer 14

1. Selective attention/comprehension
2. Encoding and simplification
3. Storage and retention
4. Retrieval and response

Question 15

Commonly Found perceptual errors (5)

Answer 15

Halo
Leniency 
Central Tendency 
Recency Effects 
Contrast effects

Question 16

Three types of memory

Answer 16

Event
Semantic
Person

Question 17

Self-serving bias

Answer 17

tendency to take more personal responsibility for success rather than failure

Question 18

The Big Five of Personality

Answer 18

1. Extraversion
2. Agreeableness
3. Conscientiousness
4. Emotional Stability
5. Openness to Experience

Question 19

Instrumental Values and Terminal Values

Answer 19

means by which we achieve ends, versus end goals

Question 20

Motivation

Answer 20

psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior

Question 21

Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy

Answer 21

Self- Actualization
Esteem
Love (social)
Safety and Security
Physiological

Question 22

Theory X

Answer 22

pessimistic and negative, typical of how managers traditionally perceived employees

Question 23

Theory Y

Answer 23

believed managers could accomplish more through others by viewing them as self-energized, committed, responsible, and creative beings

Question 24

Hygiene factors

Answer 24

job characteristics associated with job dissatisfaction

Question 25

Expectancy theory

Answer 25

Holds that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce valued outcomes.

Question 26

SMART Goals

Answer 26

Specific 
Measurable
Attainable
Realistic
Time-Bound

Question 27

Core Self-evaluations (4)

Answer 27

self-esteem
self-efficacy
locus of control
emotional stability

Question 28

McClelland’s Need Theory

Answer 28

Need for Achievement
Need for Affiliation
Need for Power

Question 29

Vroom’s Expectancy Theory (3)

Answer 29

Expectancy
Instrumentality
Valence