Exam 1 Flashcards
BRICI
List of countries that could become global superpowers.
Brazil, Russia, India, China, Indonesia
Built Environment
man-made surroundings ranging from buildings to parks
capital
wealth in the form of money or property owned by a business or person; human resources of economic value
Carrying capacity
maximum number of people that the earth can sustain
Cartogram
a map that combines statistics information with geographic location; a map that shows a specific thing and how it is grouped
Commodity chain
The stages that a commodity passes through from raw materials into a finished product
Conflict minerals
a mineral mined in an area of armed conflict; proceeds from its trade are used to fund the fighting
Anthropocene
the idea that nature has been re-engineered by humanity; it is the era in which humans started to have the most impact on the environment
Core/Periphery Model
Core regions
Periphery regions
Semi-periphery regions
Core
regions that retain command and control over world economy
exploit materials from periphery and sell the finished products back to these areas
high technology areas
Periphery
regions that supply core and semi-periphery with cheap raw materials and labor
low technology
labor intensive agriculture
Semi-periphery
regions that were exploited by core regions but in turn prospered from the relationship
regions that lay between periphery and core
regions on the rise (examples BRICI) or
regions on decline from Core (Spain and Portugal)
Cultural Landscapes
the idea that a people’s culture impacts their natural environment in a way
Carl Sauer’s The Morphology of Landscape (1925)
DDT/Chemical Pesticides
chemicals used after WWII as a pesticide against mosquitoes; these mosquitoes were falsely believed to carry Polio
Rachel Carson - Silent Spring (1962)
Demography
the study of statistical information as it pertains to human population
Ecological footprint
the amount of useful land and sea area needed to supply the resources that a human population consumes and to assimilate human waste
the impact of a person or community on it’s environment
expressed as the amount of land required
Economic Geography
the study of the location, distribution and spatial organization of economic activities across the world.
it is important in developed nations because it allows researchers to understand the structure of the area’s economy and its economic relationship with other areas around the world
Environmental Determinism
the idea that the natural/physical environment affect social and cultural development
Friederich Ratzel - Anthropogeographic (1882)
Ellen Churchill Semple - Influences of a Geographic Environment: Basis of Ratzel’s System of Anthropogeography (1911)
Environmental Justice
responsibility to make the environment better should be proportional to the ecological footprint created by certain societies
Extractive Colonialism
to colonize for the raw materials
e.g. buffalo hides, guano, gold, beaver fur
Fordism
Mass production techniques of Henry Ford where there is a correlation between productivity and increases in wages.
Assembly Line
Post-Fordism
An approach to production that emphasizes flexibility and small batch production of niche goods in specialized markets
robots
temporary, seasonal employees
Global North
the more developed countries in the world
most reside in the northern hemisphere
Global South
the more undeveloped countries in the world
mose reside in the southern hemisphere
Human Development Index
create by United Nation's Development Program life expectancy education index (years of schooling) gross nation income per capital best score is 1 the highest score is Norway the top 20 are core regions
Human/Environment Interaction
the relationship between humans and their environment
Lebensraum
living space
organic states - treat country as a living organism
physical geography as a factor in influencing human activities developing into a society
settler colonialism and territorial expansion to acquire resources needed
Friederich Ratzel
Legacies of Colonialism
the changes and influences left behind by colonization such as language, architecture
Location
how human activities are distributed across the face of the earth
uneven occupation of humans
absolute location
longitude and latitude
relative location
near or far to other places
centrifugal forces
bring people together
centripetal forces
distribute people over a wide area
Morphology of Cultural Landscape
Carl Sauer (1925) What is physically present shape or form of earth United States - Mexico Border natural environment the same further that we move away from the border, language changes, building changes Calexico/Mexicali Norgales/Norgales
Dennis Cosgrove
Social Formation and Symbolic Landscape (1984)
A Plea for Historical Understanding of Human Geography
Rachel Carson
Silent Spring (1962)
neo-malthusian
spread of DDT to control Polio resulted in poisoning the environment, leading to death of animals, creation of new pests, and creation of hostile species
Vidal de la Blanche
Principles of Human Geography (1918)
challenged environmental determinism by stating that physical environment did not determine everything but it did determine what human beings were able to accomplish in that area (environmental possibilism)
Human ingenuity trumped nature. Culture - genres de vie
High Technology clusters
formation of high technlogy areas such as Silicon Valley
Kathy Jetnil Kijiner
poet from Marsha Islands
Global Warming
Climate Change
Thomas Kuhn
Paradigm Shift
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962)
Limits to Growth
Meadows (1972)
Club of Rome influenced
Malthusian - pessimists
a computer that created future scenarios foe mankind
Tuvalu
Place in the pacific ocean representing the harsh reality of global warming and climate change
Tantalum
conflict mineral mined in the Congo that is used in cellphones
Farhana Sultana
The Right to Water (2015)
Thomas Malthus
An essay on the principles of population as it affects the future improvement of society (1798)
food - arithmetic rate
population - geometric rate
abstain from sex
Doreen Massey
Spatial Divisions of Labor: Social Structures and the geography of production (1984)
spatial divisions of labor in England
Ptolemy
(90-168)
cartography
representation of the 3d earth as a 2d map
Freiderich Ratzel
Environmental Determinism
Anthropogeographe (1882 and 1891)
lebensraum - living space
influenced Nazis
Ellen Churchill Semple
Environmental Determinism
Influences of Geographic Environment: On the basis of Ratzel’s system of Anthropo-geography (1911)
Appalachian mountains
Carl Sauer
Cultural Landscape
The Morphology of Landscape (1925)
Mexico Border
Walt Whitman Restow
The Stages of Ecomomic Growth: A non-communist Manifesto (1960)
Traditional Society- limited technology
Preconditions for Take-off - Commercial exploitation of agriculture and/or extractive industry
Take-off - Development of manufacturing sector
Drive to Maturity - Development of wider industrial and commercial base
High Mass Consumption - Higher technology manufacturing and a drive towards self-actualization
Saskia Sassen
global command capability
multinational hq clustering around small number of cities
presents new problems which require the assistance of outside firms to handle issues involving currencies, marketing, recruitment, etc.. in different countries
Herbert Spencer
Social Darwinism
Principles of Biology (1864)
Survival of the Fittest
Charles Darwin
On the Origin of the Species (1859)
HMS Beagle
populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection
finches - diversity of life
John Tailyour
Normative Social Practices
Slavetrader in Jamaica
married to a slave
Prince Henry the Navigator
(1418) the first geographical research center
Alexander Von Humboldt
founding fathers of modern geograph
Kosmos(1845-1862)
gathered and collated 400 years of geography to be studied
Immanuel Wallerstein
mini systems, world empires, world economy
primarily world economy and the Capitalist system
value chain
division of labor
division of labor
division of production process into a number of tasks
Monument to the Discoveries
commemorating Portugal’s signficant contribution to the Age of Discovery
Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460) modern seafaring and founding father geography research center
Vasco Da Gama (1460-1524) pioneer of shipping routes between Europe and India
Pedro Alvares Cabral(1467-1520) - discovered Brazil
Bartolomeu Dias (1451-1500) - sailed through the Cape of Good Hope
Diogo Cao (1452-1485) existence of the Congo River
Neil Smith
Uneven Development: Nature, Capital and the production of Space (1984)
Prior to the rise of the West - live in harmony with nature
Capitalist economy spawned the Anthropocene era and the domination of nature
