Exam 1 Flashcards by Cierra Brown

bitcoin

a crypto-currency. tries to eliminate banks by allowing end-to-end consumer transactions. its a trust currency but so is the “fiat” metro-dollar

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ExecPC

one of the worlds largest bulletin board systems in the 1980s & throughout the 1990s. Mahoney created the hyper scan feature, allowing members to quickly search for files by keywords - a common feature today, but rare at the time. 300 GB of file storage tat its peak in the mid 90s

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414s

hacking group. hacked into the National Defense

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data scientist

mix of the following : hacking skills (computing skills), math and statistics knowledge and substantive expertise

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volatile storage

requires power continuously

ex : RAM and cache

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nonvolatile storage

can storage information without power all the time

ex : ROM and drive media (CD & DVD)

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primary and secondary storage

primary are RAM and cache (brain) and secondary are drive media (CD, DVD & USB) (notes)

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clock rate

measures the speed of a processor (in GHz)

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transistor

a type of amplifier or switch

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bit

a single on/off switch

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byte

8 bites

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kilobyte

1024 or 2^10 bytes

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megabyte

1048576 or 2^20 bytes

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gigabyte

2^30 bytes

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nibble

half byte or 4 bits

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ASCII

character set. used to represent digits, uppercase letters, lowercase letters, punctuation symbols, logical operators and special white space/control characters. 256 of them

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parity bit

used one bit for checking you can catch a change in one bit and some changes for multiple bits

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Ada Lovelace

first computer programer. described how codes could be created for the device to handle and numbers. also theorized the method of looping, for the engine to repeat a series of instructions

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machine language

can be interpreted by the CPU

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hour of code

hour of computer science. celebrate computer science week. create programs and games

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application software

any types of software that is made for you, the user. apps

ex : microsoft word

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system software

any software that is created for the operation, maintenance and security of a computer. operating systems: server, desktop and mobile. utilizes and file management

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multitasking

allows more than one program to run concurrently

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multithreading

allows different parts of a single program to run concurrently

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multiprocessing

supports running a program on more than one CPU

spreadsheet

excel

vlookup

allows you to search for specific value within the spreadsheet (or control F)

text to columns

data - text to columns - delimited

macro

for repetitive tasks. relative reference

database

a technology that supports a holistic view of the data concerning its storage, access, update, reports, etc.

metadata

data about data describes how and when and by whom a particular set of data was collected and how the data is formatted

RAM

computers temporary workspace

cache

a form of high-speed memory that stores a small, frequently used set of instructions and data in the CPU

motherboard

largest circuit board in a personal computer. contains a variety of slots, connectors and plugs for hooking up all the other parts of a computer

virtual memory

not actual memory, rather a portion of your car drive that is being used as RAM when the situation demands it

solid state drives

flash memory instead of the more traditional magnetic technology

stylus

a pen-like input tool that is used with a variety of touchscreen devices

biometrics

the measurement of patterns or characteristics found in the human body

duplexing

the ability to automatically print to both sides of apiece of paper

haptics

the communication of vibration, motion or physical resistance to a user

RFID

scanners can scan an RFID tag which is a tiny chip or label that contains electronically stored data

virtual machine

a special environment that allows you to run an operating system on top of another operating system

formatting

the process of preparing a storage device for use by an operating system

disk wiping

helps remove all traces of your files from computers you are selling or giving away

clipboard

temporary holding location for copy and cut commands

shareware

trial software. is free to download and install but will stop working as intended after about 30 days

freeware

software that is free to use without any specified time restrictions

ERP

systems bring together many types of business functions into one software solution

software bug

errors

software patch

programmers will find error or vulnerabilities and "patch" them by offering software updates to users

beta version

software that is made available for testing to limited users before release

5 components of a programming language

``` input output arithmetic conditional looping ```

SQL

used to communicate with a database

what does the abbreviation stand for? RAM

random access memory

what does the abbreviation stand for? ROM

read only memory

what does the abbreviation stand for? CPU

central processing unit

what does the abbreviation stand for? bit

binary digit

what does the abbreviation stand for? CD

compact discs

what does the abbreviation stand for? DVD

digital versatile discs

what does the abbreviation stand for? LED

light emitting diodes

what does the abbreviation stand for? SSD

solid state drives

typical number of transistors in a CPU

5 billion transistors

typical number of neurons in the brain

100 billion neurons

why are clock rate capped

in 2004 clock rates were capped to limit heat (10000 MHz = 10 GHz)

first major electronic computer

ENIAC

reasons computers use binary

on/off switch is cost efficient bits tend to be "immune" for noise represent everything

what does the abbreviation stand for? basic

beginners all-purpose symbolic instruction code

what does the abbreviation stand for? COBOL

common business oriented language

what does the abbreviation stand for? fortran

formula translation

what does the abbreviation stand for? CAD

computer aided design

what does the abbreviation stand for? ERP

enterprise resource planning

what does the abbreviation stand for? GUI

graphical user interface

what does the abbreviation stand for? DBMS

database management system

flow chart

type of diagram that represents an algorithm, work flow or process, showing the steps as shapes of various kids and their order by connecting them with arrows

diamond in a flow chart

decision

rectangle in a flow chart

process

circle in a flow chart

connector

examples of programing languages

assembly forty c passal