Exam 1 Flashcards
Protestant Union
Formed in 1608 but German States
- headed by Frederick IV of Palatinate.
- basicallysought to protect rights of protestant peoples after Catholics tried to undermine the Peace of Augsburg and enforce a uniform religion.
- was responded to by the formation of the Catholic League
States provincial
was essentially the provincial parliament that each of the 7 dutch provinces of the dutch republic
Act of Abjuration
1581
- was the act of proclamation of independence from Spanish rule and Phillip II.
- There was a brief period of time where rulership was undecided, and brief rule by William the Silent occurs until the PROC OF THE REPUBLIC 1588
Twelve years truce
was the period during dutch revolt and 80 years war where the Hapsburgs formally recognized calvinists in the Dutch provinces.
The Council of Trent
European Catholic officials meeting IN RESPONSE TO REFORMATION EFFORTS to admit and discuss the failures of the catholic church but also to DEFINE AND DETERMINE HOW TO HANDLE THE HERESIES.
- “COUNTER REFORMATION”
- JESUITS
- ultimately, salvation is a mystery, those trying to unlock it are trying to read gods mind (epitome of evil)
The Fugger Bank
Fuggers were a wealthy German family that rivaled and overtook the Medicci families of Italy
would be directly responsible for the rise of the Habsburg power in the Roman Empire.
Christian IV
- King of DenMARK
- player within the 30 yrs war,
- wanted to stop speread of Catholic doctrine, but also saw political reward by entering into the conflict.
- this signals second phase of thirty years war…
- his efforts largely failed due to him being seen as a foreigner and having no GERMAN ALLIES.
Treaty of Munster
1648
-Finally recognized the independence of the Dutch republic by
Behomian Revolt
- 1618-1620
- symbolizes the beginning and first phase of the thirty years war.
- basically when Ferdinand assumes rule, he rescinds a lot of powers from protestants.
- bohemian nobility toss catholics out of a window and engineer a rebellion.
- “defenestration of prague.”
Oldenbarnevelt
was a republican of Dutch provinces (holland)who argued against the idea of a powerful prince. Religious moderate, and was domineering on the remaining constituents of the republic. he will eventually be challenged by MAURICE OF NASSAU
Anglicanism
- Spawned by the efforts and affairs of King Henry VIII.
- it is almost entirely a POLITICAL CREATION.
- Henrys son edward would attempt to make strict reformer changes but MARY would reverse, then Liz would make everything more LAX with her Religious Settlement decree.
The Anglo Dutch Wars
-Were a series of conflicts waged between the Dutch Republic
Gustavus Adolphus
Was king of Sweden.
-1630, took part in thirty years war
-sought to protect German Protestants.
-suffered similarly to Danish efforts in that he was seen as foreign.
Received french financial aid to lead army in germany (via cardinal Richlieu.
-his intervention in the war was pivotal because it kept alive the protestant cause.
-but dies in battle against wallenstein :(\
Beeldenstorm
- 1566
- Was a series of Dutch protestants engaging in iconoclasm and purifications of churches. Was in response to Phillip II being Emperor and king and all.
- would cause king to send Alba forces to suppress revolt.
- signals the beginning of the THIRTY YEARS WAR
synod of dordt
1619
meeting held by dutch reformed church to address the growing concerns of Arminianism and Remonstrants. leads to oldenbarnevelt to be brought up on treason.
Genre Painting
refers to the style of painting found in the commercial art market that was prevalent during the Dutch Golden Age. Genre literally meant category. people could choose a category and there was likely to be art for it,
Cardinal Richelieu
French cardinal that helped to provide financial aid to Swedish King Adolphus forces in Germany. Was pivotal to the protestant cause.
He himself was catholic but used this power in attempts to limit Habsburg growth.
William the Silent (sea beggars) (aka prince of orange)
Was the major opponent of Phillip II and leader of the Dutch revolt. Used sea beggars to help capture key catholic holdings. 80 years war.
Millenarians
Those who believed that the events happening in Europe, as well as the discoveries of the new lands, were all signals of the coming END TIMES.
This belief was used by political systems to maintain ocial discipline which ultimately lead to things like the european WITCH CRAZE.
The Treaty of Vervins 1598
Was the treaty signed between Spanish Phillip II and French King Henry IV where Spanish removed forces from France and formally recognized the country as a Calvinist country.
Rudolf II
HRE (1576-1612), member of Habsburg family.
- was fascinated with the occult and astrology and stuff
- ineffectual rule and tolerant of protestantism which led to devolution to thirty years war,
King Charles I
Of england, son of James I.
- marries catholic french princess and adopts catholic customs, angering calvinists
- followed the doctines of a guy named ARMENIUS which also pissed a lot of SCOTTISH and calvinists off.
Would end up being charged with treason agauinsty england when he fails to renounce these things.
paves way for CROMWELL’S PURITANS.
Tulip Craze
Represented the height of Dutch golden age ansd also the volatilityies of a global market.
Came from persia, traded by turks, and highly prized in dutch due to ability to be easily cross bred and grown.
They had all of a sudden stopped being desired which had a significant impact on dutch economy,
