Exam 1

Question 1

A psychologist muses, “If you hear a person say a complete sentence, the sentence would lose all 
meaning if you broke it down into a collection of letters or phonemes (speech sounds), or in terms of 
the precise change of pitch and tone in the person’s voice. The sentence is best understood all at once, 
in its entirety.” This psychologist is preaching the value of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
a. Gestalt Psychology
b. Structuralism
c. Behaviorism
d. Psychoanalysis
#

Answer 1

B. Structuralism

Question 2

5. John seeks to test for differences in the study habits of Freshman versus Seniors at MUW. What
   type of design will he most likely use in this study?
   a. Correlational
   b. True Experimental
   c. Cross-Cultural
   d. Quasi Experimental
   #

Answer 2

A correlations

Question 3

Researchers can negate* the Placebo Effect by using a ____________. They can negate the
Experimenter Effect by using a ___________.
a. Sugar Pill…… Control Group
b. Single-Blind Design…… Double-Blind Design
c. Valid Procedure…… Reliable Procedure
d. Research Assistant…… Lab Coat
*negate = reduce to nothing; vanquish; nullify; make ineffective
#

Answer 3

C.

Question 4

What happened to poor, ol’ Phineas Gage?

a. A bear punctured a tooth into his temporal lobe (an area of the brain that is critical for
emotional processing), which turned him into an emotionless zombie.
b. A sledge hammer got smashed into his cerebellum (an area of the brain that is critical for
vision), which made him lose his ability to see.
c. A steel rod got blasted through his frontal lobe (a brain area that is critical for self-control),
which turned him into an impulsive jerk.
d. A musket ball got shot through his parietal lobe (a brain area that is critical for breathing),
which caused him to not be alive any more.

Answer 4

C

Question 5

Carl takes too much of a drug that acts as an acetylcholine antagonist. Carl is most likely at risk of
a. Feeling depressed, lethargic, and disoriented
b. Having a heart attack from hyper-arousal
c. Experiencing a great deal of pain and achy joints
d. Being the life of the party
#

Answer 5

A

Question 6

0. Reckless Rick is determined to sleep through his entire 16-hour flight to Australia. Which type of
   drug would most likely help him with this stupid plan?
   a. Endorphins Antagonist
   b. Glutamate Antagonist
   c. Dopamine Agonist
   d. GABA Agonist

Answer 6

C

Question 7

A Cognitive Psychologist primarily studies \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
a. Interpersonal Relationships
b. Mental Health
c. Thought Processes
d. Behavioral Therapy
#

Answer 7

C

Question 8

A major advantage of naturalistic observation is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
a. Ecological Validity
b. Comorbid Reliability
c. Causal Inference
d. Participant Observation
#

Answer 8

A

Question 9

A major advantage of True Experimental design, compared to Correlational or Quasi Experimental design,
is that a True Experimental design enables researchers to ____________
a. infer causal relationships between the independent variable and the dependent variable
b. control for individual differences, because participants are randomly assigned to groups
c. compare the effect of the independent variable to a baseline (control group)
d. [all of the above]
#

Answer 9

A

Question 10

2. Reckless Rick has a reckless party trick: you can slap him in the face as hard as you want, and he won’t
   feel a thing. Based on this symptom, a bio-psychologist might speculate that Rick suffers from _______
   a. Damage to his limbic system
   b. A tumor in his frontal lobe
   c. A lesion in his parietal lobe
   d. A masochistic childhood
   #

Answer 10

C

Question 11

3. Magic Mike waves his wand the wrong way and accidentally makes his occipital lobe disappear. What
   symptom is he most likely to experience?
   a. Impaired Vision
   b. Decreased Appetite
   c. Language Incomprehension
   d. [all of the above
   #

Answer 11

A

Question 12

There is a character on Game of Thrones who is named “Hodor,” because this is literally the only thing he
can say (“Hodor… Hodor… Hodor”). Interestingly, although he cannot produce any words, Hodor is
perfectly capable of understanding others’ speech. What diagnosis would best describe Hodor’s condition?
a. Broca’s Aphasia
b. Wernicke’s Aphasia
c. Wundt’s Aphasia
d. Hodor’s Aphasia

Answer 12

A

Question 13

Sad Steve has almost no appetite. He struggles to get any sleep. He has no interest in sex. If these 
symptoms are the result of damage to some brain area, the damaged area is most likely the \_\_\_\_\_\_
a. Cerebellum
b. Hippocampus
c. Hypothalamus
d. Cerebrum
#

Answer 13

C

Question 14

The Hippocampus, the Amygdala, and the Hypothalamus are all part of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
a. Wernicke’s Area
b. The Limbic System
c. The Cerebrum
d. The Peripheral Nervous System
#

Answer 14

B

Question 15

17. If, in the middle of reading this sentence, an angry bear burst into the room and started sprinting
    toward you, which part of your brain would experience a frenzy of activity?
    a. The Amygdala
    b. The Frontal Lobe
    c. The Hippocampus
    d. The Temporal Lobe

Answer 15

A

Question 16

Which is the best estimate of how many neurons there are in the human brain?
a. 100
b. 100,000
c. 100,000,000
d. 100,000,000,000
#

Answer 16

D

Question 17

The part of the nervous system that is most directly associated with digestion is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
a. The Somatic Nervous System
b. The Sympathetic Nervous System
c. The Parasympathetic Nervous System
d. The Peripheral Nervous System
#

Answer 17

C

Question 18

Afferent neurons carry _______________; Efferent neurons carry ________________
a. Neurotransmitters from the synapse to the cell body…… glial cells from the cell body to
synapses
b. Sensory input from the PNS to the CNS…… motor impulses from the CNS to the PNS
c. Action potentials from axons to terminal buttons…… inhibitory commands into
voluntary muscle fibers
d. Enzymes from the synaptic cleft to sodium-ion pumps…… messages from the frontal lobe
to lower-order brain regions
#

Answer 18

B

Question 19

PT Patrick suffers brain damage to his motor cortex at age 35, which impairs his voluntary muscle
movement in his lower body. After years of physical therapy (and no other major treatment),
alternate nearby brain areas are able to “learn” how to help him walk. This is due to ___________
a. Stem Cells
b. Neurogenesis
c. Epigenetics
d. Neuroplasticity
#

Answer 19

D

Question 20

Which of these is/are possible outcomes for neurotransmitters that DO NOT bind with receptor
sites in the post-synaptic neuron?
I. They are absorbed back into the pre-synaptic neuron via “reuptake”
II. They are broken down by enzymes
III. They are converted into action potentials in the post-synaptic neuron
a. I
b. II
c. I & II
d. I, II, or III
#

Answer 20

C

Question 21

It’s easier for predators to hide in the dark, so it’s better to remain stationary at night.” This statement
represents the ______ theory of sleep
a. Restorative
b. Structuralist
c. Adaptive
d. [all of the above theories fit the statement]
#

Answer 21

C

Question 22

Which of the following represent risks of chronic sleep deprivation?
I. insulin resistance
II. delayed-onset of puberty
III. emotional & interpersonal problems
a. I
b. I & III
c. II & III
d. I, II, & III
#

Answer 22

D

Question 23

Which stage of sleep is associated with dreaming?
a. N1
b. N2
c. N3
d. REM
#

Answer 23

C

Question 24

Which stage of sleep is associated with bodily growth and recovery?
a. N1
b. N2
c. N3
d. REM
#

Answer 24

B

Question 25

Cornelius wakes up covered in sweat and his heart is pounding. His sheets are twisted all around his body, and he cannot remember his dream. Most likely, he has just experienced ___________ a. Sleep Paralysis b. A Night Terror c. A Nightmare d. Sleepwalking

Answer 25

B

Question 26

40. In one classic case study, a young child was conditioned to associate white, fuzzy mammals with fear. This study is known as the _________ a. Tiny George Experiment b. Little Albert Study c. Fearful Timmy Research d. Scared Bobby Effect #

Answer 26

C

Question 27

When you play the slot machines at The Rigged Warrior Casino, a waitress will periodically approach you (every ~10-20 minutes or so) and offer to bring you your favorite beverage. This is an example of a. Fixed Interval Reinforcement b. Fixed Ratio Reinforcement c. Variable Interval Reinforcement d. Variable Ratio Reinforcement **41 – I should have been clearer – the periods of time between waitress visits are inconsistent… #

Answer 27

C

Question 28

``` Which type of reinforcement leads to the most vigorous responding? a. Fixed Interval Reinforcement b. Fixed Ratio Reinforcement c. Variable Interval Reinforcement d. Variable Ratio Reinforcement # ```

Answer 28

D

Question 29

``` While playing the online video game Purple Dragon Quest, users occasionally receive random gratitude gifts (e.g., 10 free dragon eggs). This is an example of ___________ a. Fixed Interval Reinforcement b. Fixed Ratio Reinforcement c. Variable Interval Reinforcement d. Variable Ratio Reinforcement # ```

Answer 29

C

Question 30

``` Every once in a while, immediately upon signing into the online video game Purple Dragon Quest, users receive random surprise rewards (e.g., 500 free dragon scales). This is an example of ___________ a. Fixed Interval Reinforcement b. Fixed Ratio Reinforcement c. Variable Interval Reinforcement d. Variable Ratio Reinforcement # ```

Answer 30

D

Question 31

``` Whenever his mom rings the dinner bell, Jeff begins to salivate. However, whenever he hears the bell that he uses for his alarm clock on his iPhone (which sounds quite similar), Jeff feels annoyed and does not salivate. This is an example of a. Stimulus generalization b. Stimulus discrimination c. Stimulus atrophy d. Stimulus extinction # ```

Answer 31

B

Question 32

Use the information below to answer Questions 34-39. Dr. Nick is a mad scientist who wants to study learning processes in humans, so he conducts a study where he measures how effectively his human participants can memorize a list of 20 random words. Each trial consists of a 2-minute memorization phase where they study the word list, and a 2-minute recall phase where they write down as many words as possible. Each participant goes through 100 trials. Participants are randomly assigned to one of five groups:  Group 1: Each time participants successfully recall a word from the list, Dr. Nick (painlessly) artificially floods their brain with Dopamine  Group 2: When participants successfully recall a word, there is a 75% chance that Dr Nick directly stimulates their Nucleus Accumbens  Group 3: During all portions of the recall phase when participants are not vigorously writing down words from the list, participants’ chair is slightly electrified (it feels bad)  Group 4: Whenever the participant writes down an incorrect word, Dr Nick cuts off one of their toes Group 5: Dr. Nick does not intervene on the task in any way 34. What type of learning is Dr. Nick studying? a. Classical Conditioning b. Operant Conditioning c. Observational Learning d. [all of the above] #

Answer 32

B

Question 33

Dr. Nick is a mad scientist who wants to study learning processes in humans, so he conducts a study where he measures how effectively his human participants can memorize a list of 20 random words. Each trial consists of a 2-minute memorization phase where they study the word list, and a 2-minute recall phase where they write down as many words as possible. Each participant goes through 100 trials. Participants are randomly assigned to one of five groups:  Group 1: Each time participants successfully recall a word from the list, Dr. Nick (painlessly) artificially floods their brain with Dopamine  Group 2: When participants successfully recall a word, there is a 75% chance that Dr Nick directly stimulates their Nucleus Accumbens  Group 3: During all portions of the recall phase when participants are not vigorously writing down words from the list, participants’ chair is slightly electrified (it feels bad)  Group 4: Whenever the participant writes down an incorrect word, Dr Nick cuts off one of their toes Group 5: Dr. Nick does not intervene on the task in any way Which of these terms could be used to describe Group 1? a. Continuous Reinforcement b. Partial Reinforcement c. Fixed Interval Reinforcement d. Variable Ratio Reinforcement #

Answer 33

A

Question 34

Dr. Nick is a mad scientist who wants to study learning processes in humans, so he conducts a study where he measures how effectively his human participants can memorize a list of 20 random words. Each trial consists of a 2-minute memorization phase where they study the word list, and a 2-minute recall phase where they write down as many words as possible. Each participant goes through 100 trials. Participants are randomly assigned to one of five groups:  Group 1: Each time participants successfully recall a word from the list, Dr. Nick (painlessly) artificially floods their brain with Dopamine  Group 2: When participants successfully recall a word, there is a 75% chance that Dr Nick directly stimulates their Nucleus Accumbens  Group 3: During all portions of the recall phase when participants are not vigorously writing down words from the list, participants’ chair is slightly electrified (it feels bad)  Group 4: Whenever the participant writes down an incorrect word, Dr Nick cuts off one of their toes  Group 5: Dr. Nick does not intervene on the task in any way Which of these terms would you use to describe Group 3? a. Positive Punishment b. Negative Punishment c. Positive Reinforcement d. Negative Reinforcement #

Answer 34

B

Question 35

Dr. Nick is a mad scientist who wants to study learning processes in humans, so he conducts a study where he measures how effectively his human participants can memorize a list of 20 random words. Each trial consists of a 2-minute memorization phase where they study the word list, and a 2-minute recall phase where they write down as many words as possible. Each participant goes through 100 trials. Participants are randomly assigned to one of five groups:  Group 1: Each time participants successfully recall a word from the list, Dr. Nick (painlessly) artificially floods their brain with Dopamine  Group 2: When participants successfully recall a word, there is a 75% chance that Dr Nick directly stimulates their Nucleus Accumbens  Group 3: During all portions of the recall phase when participants are not vigorously writing down words from the list, participants’ chair is slightly electrified (it feels bad)  Group 4: Whenever the participant writes down an incorrect word, Dr Nick cuts off one of their toes  Group 5: Dr. Nick does not intervene on the task in any way In this research, which of these would most likely represent the dependent variable a. The different learning interventions between the groups b. The IQ of the participants in the study c. The number of correctly recalled words per trial d. The conclusions drawn by Dr Nick #

Answer 35

C