Exam 1

Question 1

How much, as a percent of body weight, air dried feed would a mature horse likely consume in one day?

Answer 1

3-3.5%

Question 2

Digestible energy is gross energy minus ____ energy

Answer 2

Fecal

Question 3

You are formulating a diet for your horse using a commercially formulated grain supplement. How would you know from the guaranteed nutrient analysis if it had added fat

Answer 3

Typically if a label has over 3.5% fat there are added fats

Question 4

In comparison to a cow, a horse can tolerate a much larger % of fat in their diet without influencing fiber digestion. Why is this

Answer 4

Fats are readily digested in the small intestine

Question 5

Two ways to alter the bacterial population in the hind gut

Answer 5

1) change feeds (switching from grass to alfalfa)

2) probiotics, or antibiotics

Question 6

You are balancing a ration with commercial feed you bought at murdochs. To your horror, you realize there is no indication of energy content on the feed label. You can estimate energy by

Answer 6

Estimate energy content from the ingredients

Question 7

Short chain fatty acids

Answer 7

Fermentation product utilized as an energy source

Question 8

What is true about protein quality

Answer 8

Growth efficiency is dependent on the availability of lysine

Question 9

Bacterial fermentation is important to the horse since

Answer 9

Bacteria are required to digest plant fibers

Question 10

Bacterial synthesis B vitamins in the equine digestive tract. Which es the best evidence for this synthesis

Answer 10

Concentration in large colon 2x higher than the duodenum

Question 11

Colic is often associated with dehydration. Please describe water flux in the hind gut, and how dehydration influences digestabflow and predispose a horse to colic

Answer 11

Colon Distention from fluid and gas
Inflammation to the bowel wall,
Impaction formation

Question 12

Risk of colic is greater when there is a change in weather. How does weather increase the risk of colic

Answer 12

Affects the horses drinking habits
In the cold they don’t want to move so they don’t drink
Hot weather they are utilizing more water than the are drinking

Question 13

What would be the reasons why there is an increased risk of gastric ulcer development with prolonged fasting

Answer 13

Horses stomachs don’t function like humans. They are meant to graze all day not eat in meals. Chewing produces saliva which acts as a buffer for the stomach against gastric acid (used to breakdown foods ) so when they wait they are going a long time without the buffer to protect the stomach.

Question 14

Nutrients from feed, dietary protein, dietary fats, short chain VFA, soluble carbs

Answer 14

Short chain in cecum

Everything else small intestine

Question 15

What is the evidence below support lysine to be th limiting amino acid

Answer 15

In the SBM, with higher lysine %, there was a greater weight gain per day and more efficient. Just the CSM failed until lysine was added, then the gain and efficiency improved

Question 16

Since horses were fed the same base diet with the same amounts of starch, what accounts for greater concentration of total VFA and fecal lactate n the horse fed barley

Answer 16

barley was digested in the large intestine

Question 17

What is the source of fecal ammonia in horses? Why is there greater concentration in the feces from horses fed barley or oats?

Answer 17

Digested in the large intestine
Less digested
Not utilized as well
Starch overflow

Question 18

Low glycemic index feed

Answer 18

Older horses because it’s not low calorie just low carb so insulin won’t spike

Question 19

Regarding horse, what is true about nutrient absorption

Answer 19

Dietary simple carbs and protein are absorbed prior to fermentation

Question 20

SCFA

Answer 20

Products of bacterial fermentation and help fulfill the horses energy requirements

Question 21

True about protein for horses

Answer 21

Dietary protein quality is important since protein digestion occurs prior to fermentation

Question 22

Bacterial fermentation is important to horse since

Answer 22

It is necessary for fiber digestion and a source of B complex vitamins

Question 23

Lysine is the first limiting amino acid in horse

Answer 23

Growth rate is dependent on lysine availability

Question 24

True about digestibility of nutrients

Answer 24

Nutrient digestibility is detained from nutrient content on the diet and feces

Question 25

Water intake vary, which most likely to influence water requirements

Answer 25

Work load

Question 26

Horses on alfalfa based diet require more water than those on grass

Answer 26

Alfalfa forage has higher protein content increasing urine output and intake

Question 27

Limiting forage availability increases ulcer development, why

Answer 27

Limiting forage decreases chewing and saliva production

Question 28

The label doesn’t indicate how much energy Mcals DM in feed, to estimate

Answer 28

% crude fiber and feed ingredients

Question 29

Fat can be higher for equine

Answer 29

Fat is digested prior to fermentation in horses

Question 30

Horse feeds have more fat now

Answer 30

Fat increases diet energy without increasing carbs

Question 31

The corn supplement resulted in similar concentration of VFA as no grain, but barley supplement caused increased VFA

Answer 31

Corn is more completely digested in foregut

Question 32

Excess energy in diet is detrimental to horse

Answer 32

Will cause unintentional weight gain

Question 33

Soluble carbs should be fed at a level digested in the foregut . Digestion by gut enzyme is preferred because

Answer 33

Energy extracted from feed is greater with enzymatic digestion

Question 34

Grain diet changes the ph

Answer 34

Carbohydrate from grain was fermented in cecum

Question 35

Body condition 5

Answer 35

Ribs cannot be seen but easily felt