Exam 1 Flashcards
How much, as a percent of body weight, air dried feed would a mature horse likely consume in one day?
3-3.5%
Digestible energy is gross energy minus ____ energy
Fecal
You are formulating a diet for your horse using a commercially formulated grain supplement. How would you know from the guaranteed nutrient analysis if it had added fat
Typically if a label has over 3.5% fat there are added fats
In comparison to a cow, a horse can tolerate a much larger % of fat in their diet without influencing fiber digestion. Why is this
Fats are readily digested in the small intestine
Two ways to alter the bacterial population in the hind gut
1) change feeds (switching from grass to alfalfa)
2) probiotics, or antibiotics
You are balancing a ration with commercial feed you bought at murdochs. To your horror, you realize there is no indication of energy content on the feed label. You can estimate energy by
Estimate energy content from the ingredients
Short chain fatty acids
Fermentation product utilized as an energy source
What is true about protein quality
Growth efficiency is dependent on the availability of lysine
Bacterial fermentation is important to the horse since
Bacteria are required to digest plant fibers
Bacterial synthesis B vitamins in the equine digestive tract. Which es the best evidence for this synthesis
Concentration in large colon 2x higher than the duodenum
Colic is often associated with dehydration. Please describe water flux in the hind gut, and how dehydration influences digestabflow and predispose a horse to colic
Colon Distention from fluid and gas
Inflammation to the bowel wall,
Impaction formation
Risk of colic is greater when there is a change in weather. How does weather increase the risk of colic
Affects the horses drinking habits
In the cold they don’t want to move so they don’t drink
Hot weather they are utilizing more water than the are drinking
What would be the reasons why there is an increased risk of gastric ulcer development with prolonged fasting
Horses stomachs don’t function like humans. They are meant to graze all day not eat in meals. Chewing produces saliva which acts as a buffer for the stomach against gastric acid (used to breakdown foods ) so when they wait they are going a long time without the buffer to protect the stomach.
Nutrients from feed, dietary protein, dietary fats, short chain VFA, soluble carbs
Short chain in cecum
Everything else small intestine
What is the evidence below support lysine to be th limiting amino acid
In the SBM, with higher lysine %, there was a greater weight gain per day and more efficient. Just the CSM failed until lysine was added, then the gain and efficiency improved
Since horses were fed the same base diet with the same amounts of starch, what accounts for greater concentration of total VFA and fecal lactate n the horse fed barley
barley was digested in the large intestine
What is the source of fecal ammonia in horses? Why is there greater concentration in the feces from horses fed barley or oats?
Digested in the large intestine
Less digested
Not utilized as well
Starch overflow
Low glycemic index feed
Older horses because it’s not low calorie just low carb so insulin won’t spike
Regarding horse, what is true about nutrient absorption
Dietary simple carbs and protein are absorbed prior to fermentation
SCFA
Products of bacterial fermentation and help fulfill the horses energy requirements
True about protein for horses
Dietary protein quality is important since protein digestion occurs prior to fermentation
Bacterial fermentation is important to horse since
It is necessary for fiber digestion and a source of B complex vitamins
Lysine is the first limiting amino acid in horse
Growth rate is dependent on lysine availability
True about digestibility of nutrients
Nutrient digestibility is detained from nutrient content on the diet and feces
