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Chemistry 102 > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The conversion of water to hydrogen and oxygen may best be described how?

A

chemical change

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2
Q

How may the dissolution of salt in water be best described?

A

physical change

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3
Q

What classification most precisely describes catsup?

A

Mixture

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4
Q

A grey metallic element is found to react rapidly with water to produce hydrogen gas and a solid white substance. What can be said about the
white solid?

A

Compound

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5
Q

A yellow solid substance is found to give off oxygen and mercury when heated. What may be said of the yellow solid?

A

Compound

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6
Q

Which of the following substances is not an example of a compound?

A

Nitrogen (Water, ammonia, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide are a compound)

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7
Q

A white solid substance (solid A) reacts in air to produce another white solid substance (solid B) of greater mass. Solid A cannot be broken down by physical or chemical means. Check all that apply.

A

Solid A is an Element

Solid B is a compound

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8
Q

The compound methane contains 75% carbon and the remainder hydrogen. What quantity of hydrogen is formed when 243 lbs of methane is decomposed into its elements?

A

60.8 lbs

25*100=2500. 2500 *243=60.8

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9
Q

That the phlogiston theory grew out of Aristotlean natural philosophy is most evident in which of the Greek “elements”?

A

Fire

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10
Q

Phlogiston theory described combustion as a process involving…

A

a decomposition reaction

the release of the essence of fire

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11
Q

Which of the following substances would be expected to contain the greatest amount of phlogiston?

A

gasoline

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12
Q

A particularly strange aspect of phlogiston theory which contributed to its eventual demise was…

A

that the phlogiston appeared to possess negative mass.

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13
Q

Which of the following laboratory tools accounted for most of the advancement in chemical understanding at the dawn of the nineteenth century?

A

balance

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14
Q

The revival of the atomic concept was catalyzed by what experimental observation?

A

constant composition in compounds

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15
Q

A compound is 57.1% oxygen and the remainder carbon. Using oxygen as the standard (16 amu) and assuming a 1:1 atom ratio, calculate the relative mass of a carbon atom.

A

12.0 amu

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16
Q

The constant composition for magnesium oxide is 60.3% magnesium and 39.7% oxygen. Assigning an arbitrary value of 12.0 splurps for magnesium and assuming a 1:1 atom ratio, calculate the mass of oxygen.

A

7.9 splurps

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17
Q

What was the most challenging problem in creating a table of relative atomic masses for the elements?

A

Determination of the relative number of each type of atom for a given compounds constant composition.

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18
Q

Two compounds containing the elements phosphorous and oxygen are 56.3% and 43.6% oxygen respectively. In what small whole number ratio does phosphorous combine with a fixed amount of oxygen as dictated by the law of multiple proportions?

A

3:5

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19
Q

The birth of natural science can be traced to important assumptions made by thinkers in the Aegean basin 2500 years ago. Which answer best summarizes these choices?

A

Natural phenomena are logically understandable.

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20
Q

Thales was one of the earliest thinkers of the Ionian Enlightenment. What substance does he propose as the fundamental “stuff” in his natural philosophy?

A

water

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21
Q

The Zeno paradoxes were created for what purpose?

A

to probe the logical consequences of the concept of infinity

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22
Q

The Zeno paradoxes lead to what question about the ultimate nature of matter?

A

Whether matter is continuous or discreet.

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23
Q

Sir William of Occam (alternately spelled Ockham) pronounced a fundamental tenet of scientific philosophy which espouses what quality in a scientific theory or model?

A

simplicity

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24
Q

Water was suggested as an “Ultimate stuff” during the Ionian Enlightenment; what physical fact might one cite in support of this idea?

A

The burning, or combustion, of many materials results in the formation of water, such as may be seen on a cool surface positioned above a flame.

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25
Q

The thinkers of the Ionian Enlightenment believed that there was an essential permanence to all real things that escaped our direct perception; what feature characterized the “ultimate stuff” of Anaxaminder.

A

It could not be identified with any knowable substance or material.

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26
Q

Consider the four arguments below.
I. If A, then B. A therefore B.
II. If A, then B. B therefore A.
III. If A, then B. Not A, therefore not B.
IV. If A, then B. Not B, therefore not A.
Determine the validity of each of the above arguments given in order in the answer.

A

valid invalid invalid valid

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27
Q

All crows are black. That bird is a crow, therefore it is black. This is an example of which argument type.

A

If A, then B. A, therefore B.

28
Q

Spiders have eight legs. Locating a creature with eight legs, you classify it as a spider. Which logic form best represents your train of thought?

A

If A, then B. B, therefore A.

29
Q

Which description best applies to the process of inductive logic?

A

Reasoning from specific facts to general principles

30
Q

Which symbolic arguments are invalid? Check all that apply.

A

If A, then B. Not A, therefore not B. If A, then B. B, therefore A.

31
Q

Which of the argument types is used to refute a hypothesis?

A

If A, then B. Not B, therefore not A.

32
Q

The “razor” of Franciscan friar and English philospher and logician William Ockham was concieved for what purpose?

A

shaving away unnecessary entities in the rational explanation of phenomena

33
Q

In early nineteenth century France, at what stage of the wine making process was the spoiling taking place?

A

bottle aging

34
Q

What forms did Pasteur observe microscopically in the sediments of all unspoiled wine?

A

only plate shaped objects

35
Q

Average atmospheric air pressure is 14.7 lbs/in2. Estimate the weight of liquid in the column of Torricelli’s barometer if the column has a 3 in2 opening.

A

44.1 lbs

36
Q

Consider Torricelli’s explanation for the limit to which water could be lifted using a pump. Estimate the height to which a liquid with a density of approximately 7 g/mL (water is 1 g/mL; mercury is 13.6 g/mL) could be elevated using a suction pump.

A

-5 feet

37
Q

From what idea is the definition of the meter, the basic unit of length in the metric system, derived?

A

1/10,000,000 the distance from the equator to the North Pole.

38
Q

Using the cookie recipe from the notes, determine the amount of vanilla extract required for 1500 cookies. (1 cup = 48.1 tsp)

A

0.52

39
Q

Approximately how tall is the average woman?

A

160 cm

40
Q

Convert the answer in the previous question to feet (2.54 cm = 1.0 inch).

A

5.25 ft

41
Q

Approximately how tall is the average man?

A

1600 mm

42
Q

The formula for the area of a circle is pi*r2. The area of a circle is linearly related to which quantity?

A

r2

43
Q

A large coffee can is filled 2/3 with green marbles. You wish to find the number of green marbles but rather than count them, you throw in 40 red marbles and shake the can vigorously. You then draw out 37 green marbles and 3 red ones. Use a linear relationship to approximate the number of green marbles in the can initially.

A

493

44
Q

The average car weighs about 1 ton or 2000 lbs. If the conversion factor for lbs & kg is 2.2 lbs/kg, calculate the metric mass of the car.

A

909,000 g

45
Q

An important and convenient aspect of the metric system is that volume is derived from the basic length measurement. Which pair of measurements represents equivalent volumes?

A

mL and cm3

46
Q

What is the atomic mass of carbon to 4 significant figures?

A

12.01

47
Q

What is the atomic mass of oxygen to 4 significant figures?

A

16.00 amu

48
Q

What is the atomic mass of hydrogen to 4 significant figures.

A

1.008 amu

49
Q

What is the formula mass of titanium chloride (TiCl4)?

A

190 amu

50
Q

What is the molecular mass of methanol (CH3OH)?

A

32.0 amu

51
Q

What is the formula mass of calcium phosphate; Ca3(PO4)2.

A

310 amu

52
Q

Use the formula for calcium phosphate in the previous question to calculate it’s constant composition.

A

38.8% Ca, 20.0% P, 41.3% O

53
Q

What mass of phosphorous is required to manufacture 2 metric tons (2000 kg) calcium phosphate?

A

400 kg

54
Q

Determine the formula mass of cesium nitrite (CsNO2).

A

179 amu

55
Q

A five cent coin (nickel) is composed of?

A

25% nickel and 75% copper

56
Q

The first chemical transformation in this reaction of a five cent coin is a mixture of

A

vinegar and hydrogen peroxide

57
Q

Chemical analysis of the solution from the five cent coin Is performed in which test solution?

A

ammonia solution, dmeythgloxime, potassium iodide solution

58
Q

The purpose of this lab is to use a series of chemical transformations to detect the metal in the five cent coin?

A

nickel and copper

59
Q

A homogeneous mixture of metals is called what..

A

an alloy

60
Q

What factor most compelling suggests that an analysis of elements in a five cent coin is best accomplished by a chemical test?

A

The densities of an element in a five cent coin are very close.

61
Q

Pure substance which can be broken down into two or more elements by chemical change.

A

Compounds

62
Q

Simplest purse substance elements cannot be broken down in two or more simpler substances by chemical change

A

Element

63
Q

Constant Combustion

A

observation of relativity

64
Q

The number of H atoms in 1 g of hydrogen (atomic mass as grams)

A

mole

65
Q

Any change in matter that involves a change in the identity combined with the physical properties of matter

A

Chemical Change

66
Q

Any change in matter that does not involve a change in identity

A

Physical Change

67
Q

Any Material that can be separated in to two or more different materials different properties, physical process

A

Mixture

Chemistry 102 (2 decks)

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