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POL 232 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Public policy

A
  • Action and inaction

- “Government action or inaction to address social problems”

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2
Q

Example of public policy

A

Obama standing down on the Colorado weed legalization

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3
Q

Why public policy (and not private policy)

A
  • There are a lot of social problems where fixing them does not generate profit
  • Need government interaction
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4
Q

Market Failures definition

A
  • A situation in which the government must get involved

- Where the allocation of goods and services are inefficient

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5
Q

4 types of market failures

A
  1. Monopolies
  2. Externalities/spillovers
  3. Informative failure
  4. Problem of “public goods”
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6
Q

Market failure: Describe monopolies

A
  • One or several persons dominate the market
  • Can control or manipulate the price of good
  • Government must bust up corporations
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7
Q

Market failure: Describe Externalities

A
  • (+/-)
  • List positive and negative externalities
  • Negative externality: 3rd party harmed by a transaction
  • ex. Neighbor lets their yard go to shit and it lowers your property value
  • Positive externality: 3rd party benefits from the transaction
  • ex. business moves in, value of neighborhood goes up
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8
Q

Market failure: Describe Information failure/Information asymmetry

A
  • When one party has more information than the other
  • To have perfect competition, buyers and sellers must have full information
  • But this is often not the case - sellers often times have more information than the buyers
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9
Q

Market failure: Describe Problem of “public good”

A
  • The private market will not go near this because you cannot generate a profit
  • Table!
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10
Q

Fill out the table for problem of public good

A

Fill out table for problem of public good

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11
Q

Rivalrous

A

I consume it, you cannot

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12
Q

Excludable

A

I can stop you from using it

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13
Q

Example of common pool resource

A

Study space on the quad

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14
Q

Example of private good

A

ISU coffee mug - walk into a store and buy it

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15
Q

Example of public good

A

public lecture in the one student center/telecast

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16
Q

Which goods will not be provided through private sector

A

public goods

17
Q

Why would the private sector not provide a public good?

A

no profit

18
Q

Essay: Policy capacity

A
  • the ability of a govt to identify, assess, & respond to public problems
  • All governments have a level of policy capacity.
19
Q

Policy outputs

A
  • formal action taken to pursue a goal

- affect on the social problem

20
Q

Policy outcomes

A
  • effects the actions have on society

- The effect it had on the social problem

21
Q

Policy outputs & outcomes: Affordable Care Act

A
  • Output: 1. individual mandate, 2. Medicaid expansion, 3. Regulation of private insurance - cost
  • Outcomes: Fewer uninsured
22
Q

REAL ID

A

Counter-terriorism for drivers license

- unfunded mandate - state opposition to it

23
Q

Devolution

A

Federal government turns over policymaking power to states; fewer national mandates
- 1996 the federal government turned over welfare policy to the state

24
Q

Five theories of policymaking

A
  1. Elite: What the elites want the elites get
  2. Group theory: More competitive (for every group there is a counter group) - nobody wins all the time
  3. Institutional theory: The rules of the game matter (how the rules of the game shape policy)
  4. Rational choice
  5. Systems theory
25
Q

Formal policy actors in the U.S.

A

Power is shared by three branches of government at all levels:

  1. Executive - sign/vetoes “bully pulpit”
  2. Legislative - Passes legislation
  3. Judicial - Rules on constitutionality
26
Q

Informal policy actors in the U.S.

A
  • The public - public opinion
  • Interest groups - More than one individual with shared attitudes or believes
  • Interest networks - Sub-government or iron triangle
27
Q

5 dimensions of public opinion

A
  1. Direction - Liberal or Conservative
  2. Cohesiveness - Unified or Polarized
  3. Salience - How important is the issue
  4. Intensity - How strongly is opinion held
  5. Stability - Has opinion recently flip-flopped
28
Q

What is a theory

A
  • A casual explanation for some phenomenon
  • A “story” used to explain something
  • Components: Dependent variable (effect) & Explanatory (cause)
29
Q

Policy Process Model

A
  1. Problem definition & agenda setting
  2. Policy intervention
  3. Policy legitimation
  4. Policy implementation
  5. Policy Evaluation and change
    CYCLICAL NOT LINEAR
30
Q

Lowi Policy Typology

A
  • The general ways policies dress a problem
    1. Distributive policy: we all pay; we all gain
    ex. Road improvements
    2. Redistributive policy: Some pay; others gain
    ex. Welfare policy
    3. Regulatory policy: Government restriction of choice; practice
    ex. Licensing of radio
31
Q

How does bureaucracy make public policy?

A

Policy implementation done mostly by executive branch through regulations

POL 232 (2 decks)

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