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Drug Cards > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Parenteral Anticoagulant: Heparin

A

MOA: binds to antithrombin 3, inactivating several clotting factors; prevents new clots and enlargement of existing

Indications: DVT, PE, unstable MI, CVA, procedural prophylaxis

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2
Q

Low Molecular-Weight Heparin (LMWH): Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

A

MOA: specific to factor X (binds to antithrombin 3), inhibits new clots and enlargement of existing

Indications: Prophylaxis of clots, DVT, PE, ACS

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3
Q

Oral Anticoagulant: Warfarin (Coumadin)

A

MOA: inhibits action of vitamin K, affecting 2, 7, 9, 10

Indications: long term prophylaxis of clots, prevention of emboli, prevention/treatment of venous clots

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4
Q

Antiplatelet Agent: Clopidogrel Bisulfate (Plavix)

A

MOA: prevents ADP binding platelet membrane, inhibiting platelet aggregation

Indications: prevent stroke or MI due to thrombi; prevent clotting due to stents or DVT hx

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5
Q

Salicylates: Aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid)

A

MOA: inhibit prostaglandins by inhibiting COX (non-selective)

Indications: inflammatory pain, antipyretic, prevent platelet aggregation (after MI, stroke, atrial fibrillation)

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6
Q

NSAID’s

A

MOA: inhibition of COX enzymes, inhibiting PG synthesis

Indications: inflammation (RA), fever, paint r/t inflammation, dysmenorrhea

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7
Q

Thrombolytic (specific to fibrin-bound plasminogen): Alteplase (Activase)

A

MOA: DNA engineered tissue plasminogen activator (TPA); converts plasminogen to plasmin, dissolving fibrin

Indications: acute MI, non-hemorrhagic stroke, massive PE, occluded saphenous grafts; topically for clotted CVC’s

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8
Q

Sodium Channel Blocker-Class 1a: Procainamide (procaine, procanbid. pronestsyl)

A

MOA: blocks sodium channels in myocardial cells, reducing automaticity and slowing conduction

Indications: acute/chronic atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias

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9
Q

Sodium Channel Blocker-Class 1b: Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

A

MOA: blocks sodium influx into neurons and myocardial channels

Indications: topical or spinal anesthesia, drug of choice for ventricular dysrhythmias

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10
Q

Beta Blockers (-olol)

A

MOA: blocks beta-1 and beta-2 receptors; (decrease renin)

Indications: HTN, dysrhythmias, angina, prevention of HF, (symptoms of hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, anxiety)

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11
Q

Beta Blocker: Propranolol (Inderal)

A

MOA: blocks epi, NE at beta-1 and beta-2 receptors, reducing HR, conduction, velocity; lowers BP

Indications: primarily SVT, or stress-induced, HTN, angina, prevention of MI, hyper metabolic states; glaucoma, migraines

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12
Q

Potassium Channel Blocker-Class 3: Dofetilide (Tikosyn); Ibutilide (Corvert)

A

MOA: block potassium channels, prolongs refractory period, slows repolarization

Indications: maintenance and stabilization of AF

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13
Q

Potassium Channel Blocker-Class 3: Amiodarone (Cordarone)

A

MOA: block potassium channels, prolongs refractory period, slows repolarization; also blocks sodium channels

Indications: resistant, life-threatening V tach; a fib

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14
Q

NS Calcium Channel Blocker: Verapamil (Calan); Diltiazem (Cardizem)

A

MOA: slows calcium ions in myocardial cells and vascular smooth muscle; slows conduction velocity

Indications: HTN, angina, supra-ventricular dysrhythmias

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15
Q

Cardiac Glycoside: Digoxin (Lanoxin)

A

MOA: inhibits Na/K/ATPase (sodium accumulates, calcium released), (+ inotropy); increased vagal tone (-chronotropy/dromotropy)

Indications: advanced CHF, dysrhythmias (tachycardia)

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16
Q

Antidote to Digoxin Toxicity

A
  • Digoxin immune Fab (Digibind)
  • Immune globulin fragments bind to drug
  • Discontinue drug until stable (1/2 life 1.5 days)
  • Cardiac monitoring
  • Give Mg++, K+
  • Dysrhythmia medications (Phenytonin)
17
Q

Nucleoside: Adenosine (Adenocard)

A

MOA: Hyperpolarizes K+ channels and suppresses Ca+ channels

Indications: PSVT

18
Q

Alpha Blocker (-zosin)

A

MOA: block alpha receptors in arterioles and in neck of bladder/prostate

Indications: HTN (combined with others), BPH, PVD, frostbite

19
Q

ACE Inhibitors (-pril)

A

MOA: blocks angiotensin 1 to 2; blocks aldosterone

Indications: HTN, heart failure

20
Q

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (-sartan)

A

MOA: block receptors for angiotensin 2 in arteriolar smooth muscle and adrenal gland

Indications: HTN, heart failure

21
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers (-dipine)

A

MOA: blocks Ca++ channels in arterial smooth muscle, decreasing PVR

Indications: combined with other agents for HTN; angina, Raynaud’s syndrome (prevents vasoconstriction)

22
Q

Alpha-2 Agonists: Clonidine (Catapres)

A

MOA: decreases sympathetic outflow of NE in CNS

Indications: HTN, withdrawal syndromes; migraines, menopausal symptoms; (cancer pain; withdrawal)

23
Q

Organic Nitrate (Short-acting: Nitroglycerine (Nitrostat, Nitro-BID, Nitro-DUR)

A

MOA: relaxation of arterial (after load) and venous (preload) smooth muscle; dilates coronary arteries (vasospastic angina)

Indications: angina, CHF, CAD

24
Q

Loop Diuretic: Furosemide (Lasix)

A

MOA: blocks Na+ Cl-/ water reabsorption in LOH

Indications: HTN, CHF, renal failure, edema, PE, hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia

25
Q

Thiazide Diuretic: Chlorothiazide (DIURIL)

A

MOA: decreases reabsorption of Na+ and water at proximal section distal tubule

Indications: mild-moderate HTN, mild CHF, mild fluid excess

26
Q

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics: Spironolactone (Aldactone)

A

MOA: aldosterone antagonist, preventing NA/K exchange

Indications: hyperaldosteronism (cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, CHF, steroid use, Cushing’s disease), HTN; mild diuresis

27
Q

Mineralcorticoid: Fludrocortisone (Florinef)

A

MOA: synthetic aldosterone

Indications: primary hypotension, for additional Na/water retaining effect in persons with Addison’s disease

28
Q

Pituitary Hormone: Desmopressin (Pitressin)

A

MOA: Synthetic ADH, increases renal tubules permeability to water reabsorption; vasoconstriction

Indications: Diabetes Insipidus, replace clotting factors, enuresis

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