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MUSC 030 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

melody

A

an organized series of notes

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2
Q

melody comes from

A

melos: greek word for music as performing art

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3
Q

Aristoxenus

A

defined note, interval, scale

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4
Q

note

A

sound and duration of a pitch, the written sign for such a sound in musical notation, key on piano or organ

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5
Q

interval

A

difference/distance between two pitches

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6
Q

scale

A

series of 3 or more different pitches in ascending or descending order | a selection of ordered pitches that provides the pitch material for music

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7
Q

pythagoras

A

connection between musical proportion and heavenly bodies (cosmos, lit. “order”)•music can affect ethos, one’s way of being and behaving •the musical voices of the gods could be measured

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8
Q

semitone

A

half step - smallest musical interval in western tonal music

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9
Q

tone

A

whole step - interval equivalent to 2 half steps

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10
Q

monophony

A

consisting of a single melodic line

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11
Q

heterophony

A

instruments playing variation of melody

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12
Q

polyphony

A

instrument playing independent part from main melody

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13
Q

texture

A

the blend of various sounds and melodic lines occuring simultaneously in piece of music

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14
Q

greek music played and heard

A

by ear

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15
Q

epitaph of seikilos

A

listen

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16
Q

rhythm

A

aspect of music having to do with duration of notes in time

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17
Q

Mass for Christmas Day

A

listen

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18
Q

Gradual: Viderunt omnes

A

listen

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19
Q

hildegard von bingen

A

listen

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20
Q

plainchant sequence

A

listen

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21
Q

columbia aspexit

A

listen

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22
Q

mode

A

one of the scales used by medieval theorists to classify the traditional Gregorian repertoire

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23
Q

modality

A

musical system that adopts the ecclesiastic modes to compose and classify music

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24
Q

neumatic notation

A

earliest system of musical notation prior to the invention of the five-staff notation

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25
Q

neumes

A

scribble like conventional signs indicating the general share but not the exact notes or rhythms to be sung

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26
Q

Diastematic notation

A

in later manuscripts, diastematic or heightened numes are drawn on one or more staff lines to indicate pitches precisely

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27
Q

liturgy

A

fixed set of ceremonies (texts, actions, music) that comprise a public and communal form of worship

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28
Q

mass proper

A

introit, gradual, alleluia, offertory, communion

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29
Q

mass ordinary

A

kyrie, gloria, credo, sanctus, agnus dei,, ite missa est

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30
Q

plainchant

A

liturgical, monophonic music, usually non-metric, aka gregorian chant, performed as part of liturgy, performed by men and women, divinely inspired, classified in modes

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31
Q

meter

A

any recurring pattern of strong (stressed) and weak (unstressed) beats

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32
Q

gradual

A

prayer in the mass PROPER, normally melismatic in style and sung in a responsorial manner, one or more soloists alternating w choir

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33
Q

trope

A

expansion of existing chant 3 ways (new text before or between phrases, melody only (expanding melismas), text set to existing melismas)

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34
Q

sequence

A

type of plainchant in Middle Ages in which successive phrases of text receive a nearly identical melodic treatment

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35
Q

liturgical dramas

A

dialogues and more elaborate plays in Latin performed in church w processions and stylized actions

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36
Q

Hildegard of Bingen

A

first composer whose biography is known, composed ordo virtutum the oldest surviving morality play

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37
Q

Vida de Bernart de Vantadorn

A

read

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38
Q

Bernart de Ventadorn “can vei la lauzeta mover”

39
Q

Raimbaut de Vacquerias “Kalenda Maya”

40
Q

divine office hours

A

official set of prayers marking/corresponding w the hours of each day

41
Q

liturgy

A

fixed set of ceremonies that comprise a public and communal form of worship

42
Q

mass

A

Roman Catholic liturgical service - 5 large sections (kyrie, gloria, credo, sanctus, agnus dei)

43
Q

music in medieval society

A

not only religious, used to signal daily events, music and dance on important holidays, symbol of aristocracy

44
Q

troubadours and trouveres

A

affiliated w court, nobles, emphasis on courtly love, different from jongleurs and minstrels, amateur not prof musicians, trouveres only men

45
Q

troubadour

A

12th century, langue d’oc, south france, lives preserved in vidas and songs introduced by razos (background)

46
Q

trouveres

A

13th century, langue d’oil, northern france - preserved songs in chansonniers

47
Q

fin’amour

A

common theme of secular songs, refers to a noble, usually unrequited love between knight and his lady

48
Q

Andreas Capellanus, De Amore

A
  1. Marriage is no real excuse for not loving.6. Boys do not love until they arrive at the age of maturity.8. No one should be deprived of love without the very best of reasons.13. When made public love rarely endures.14. The easy attainment of love makes it of little value; difficulty of attainment makes it prized.20. A man in love is always apprehensive.30. A true lover is constantly and without intermission possessed by the thought of his beloved.
49
Q

strophic form

A

troubadour song - a song in several stanzas with the same music sung for each stanza

50
Q

formes fixes

A

poetic forms that affected all song settings of the 14th-15th centuries. Involved complex repetition patterns w a refrain and music in 2 main sections

51
Q

Bernart de Ventadorn

A

troubadour, more works survive than any other troubadour

52
Q

can vei la lauzeta mover

53
Q

medieval dances

A

accompanied by songs or instrumental music, usually performed from memory, only 50 tunes survive

54
Q

medieval instruments

A

vielle, hurdy gurdy, natural trumpet, pipe and tabor

55
Q

estampie

A

medieval dance and musical form popular in the middle ages - only medieval dance for which both descriptions and clear repertory survive

56
Q

perotin viderunt omes

57
Q

Adam De La Halle: De ma dame vient

58
Q

vida

A

biographical song - 2 versions because of errors in transmission from memory

59
Q

drone

A

harmonic or monophonic effect or accompaniment where a note or chord is continuously sounded throughout most or all of a piece

60
Q

text setting

A

syllabic, neumatic, melismatic

61
Q

organum

A

earliest genre of medieval polyphonic music - at least one voice is added to plainchant to enhance harmony

62
Q

harmony

A

simultaneous sounding of different pitches, or chords

63
Q

chord

A

grouping of pitches (at least 2) played and heard simultaneously

64
Q

in Medieval paris government and religious life centered on _____

A

Ile de la cite - notre dame (completed in 1250) - seat of bishop

65
Q

Clausula

A

section of polyphonic piece in discant style

66
Q

Adam De La Halle

A

french trouvere, member of court, author of Jeu de Robin et Marion, earliest secular play w music

67
Q

florid organum

A

long melisma per each syllable or original chant - early form polyphony, 2 voices

68
Q

discant

A

section of text w more polyphony - still respects rules of harmony / liturgy

69
Q

motet

A

result of troping clausulae

70
Q

Ars antiqua

A

12th century- beginning 14th century) division of notes into 3 (holy trinity)

71
Q

ars nova

A

14th century -

division of notes into either 2 or 3

72
Q

cadence

A

portion of music that gives conclusive feeling

73
Q

Dufay “ave maris stella”

74
Q

Josquin “Pange lingua” Mass Kyrie and part of credo

75
Q

time signature

A

numbers on staff at beginning of a piece that indicate the meter

76
Q

mensural signs

A

signs on piece of music, ancestor of time signature, indicates meter

77
Q

measure

A

musical unit consisting of fixed number of beats in time

78
Q

duple meter

A

each note divided into 2 beats, beats divide into 2 = simple

79
Q

duple meter

A

each bar divided into 2 beats, beats divide into 2 = simple

80
Q

triple meter

A

each bar is 3 beats - each beat divided in 2

81
Q

complex duple

A

2 beats per bar, each beat divided in 3

82
Q

complex triple

A

3 beats/bar and beats divide into 3

83
Q

Renaissance

A

revival of ancient Greek and Roman culture - centered in Italy - new focus on human experience

84
Q

a capella

A

performances for voices alone, uses consonant harmonies, rose in renaissance bc humanism

85
Q

paraphrase

A

modification/decoration of a plainchant melody to create a more ornate/embellished song, adds rhythmic ‘beat’

86
Q

Guillaume Dufay

A

Born Belgium, worked papal choir in Italy, France, Switzerland, known for imitative polyphony

87
Q

Ave maris stella

A

listen (even verses use paraphrase)

88
Q

hymn

A

simple religious song in several stanzas, for a congregational church

89
Q

homophony

A

musical texture that involves only one melody of real interest combined with other chords and subsidiary sounds

90
Q

imitation

A

polyphonic musical texture in which various voices use approximately the same melody

91
Q

Josquin Desprez

A

THE renaissance composer - spent much of career in Italy - known for imitative polyphony

92
Q

Josquin Desprez, Pange lingua Mass

93
Q

point of imitation

A

a brief passage of imitative polyphony usually using a single melodic motive

94
Q

motive

A

short fragment of melody or rhythm used in constructing a long section of music

MUSC 030 (1 decks)

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