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BIO 421 (Advanced Anatomy) > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the process in which the neuron moves substances from the cell body to axon terminal?

A

Anterograde Transport

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2
Q

What is the name of the protein that moves substances during anterograde transport?

A

Kinesin

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3
Q

What structure does the neuron use to allow proteins to move substances throughout the neuron?

A

Microtubule

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4
Q

What is the process of moving substances from the axon terminal to the cell body?

A

Retrograde Transport

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5
Q

What is the protein used to move substances during retrograde transport?

A

Dynein

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6
Q

The neuron that is transferring its action potential to the next neuron would be considered the?

A

Presynaptic neuron

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7
Q

The neuron that is binding to neurotransmitters from a previous action potential from a neuron would be considered the?

A

Postsynaptic neuron

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8
Q

What are the (2) types of glial cells that are found in the PNS?

A

Satellite cells, Schwann cells

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9
Q

What is the job of the satellite cells in the PNS?

A

Support cell bodies

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10
Q

What are the (2) jobs of the Schwann cells in the PNS?

A

Form myelin sheaths on one axon, secrete neurotrophic factors

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11
Q

What are the (4) types of glial cells found in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells

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12
Q

What is the job of the oligodendrocytes in the CNS?

A

Form myelin sheaths on multiple axons

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13
Q

What are the (4) jobs of the astrocytes in the CNS?

A

Support, formation of blood brain barrier, secrete neurotrophic factors, take up K+ and neurotransmitters

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14
Q

What is the job of the microglia in the CNS?

A

Act as scavengers as modified immune cells

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15
Q

What are the (3) jobs of the ependymal cells in the CNS?

A

Create barriers between compartments, provide neural stem cells, production and flow of CSF

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16
Q

What are the (5) main parts of a typical neuron?

A

Cell body, dendrites, initial segment, axon, axon terminal

17
Q

What is the advantage of myelinated neurons?

A

Conduct action potentials more rapidly

18
Q

Will a neuron with a larger axonal diameter conduct action potentials more rapidly or slowly?

A

More rapidly

19
Q

What is the term for the tip of each developing axon?

A

Growth cone

20
Q

What is the function and job of the growth cone?

A

Finding the correct route and final target for the neuron’s process

21
Q

What is the substructure contained in the growth cone that facilitates migration of the axon to its final location?

A

Filopodia

22
Q

What is a developing axon guided along when moving to its final location?

A

Surface of glial cells

23
Q

What forms when the target of the advancing growth cone is reached?

A

Synapses

24
Q

This concept, most prevalent in early development of the brain, explains how the brain has potential for remodeling in response to stimulation or injury.

A

Plasticity

25
Q

In the formation of the brain, what type of cell is responsible for transporting differentiating stem cells of the brain to their particular zone in the growth cone?

A

Radioglia

26
Q

What zone of the growth cone do radioglia cell bodies lie in?

A

Ventricular zone

27
Q

What zone of the growth cone will the radioglia transport differentiated stem cells to?

A

Cortical zone

28
Q

How many layers will the differentiated stem cells create in the cortical zone?

A

6

29
Q

What is the order of the layers of the cortical zone that are created by differentiated stem cells formed in the growth cone?

A

6-1

30
Q

What are the (6) mechanisms used for axon guidance for development?

A

Extracellular matrix adhesion, cell surface adhesion, fasciculation, chemoattraction, contact inhibition, chemorepulsion

31
Q

How many differentiated stem cells perform apoptosis due to overproduction during development?

A

1/2 to 3/4

32
Q

Where does nervous system damage need to be done in order for it to be able to repair itself?

A

Peripheral nervous system

BIO 421 (Advanced Anatomy) (1 decks)

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