Exam 1 Flashcards
What is the process in which the neuron moves substances from the cell body to axon terminal?
Anterograde Transport
What is the name of the protein that moves substances during anterograde transport?
Kinesin
What structure does the neuron use to allow proteins to move substances throughout the neuron?
Microtubule
What is the process of moving substances from the axon terminal to the cell body?
Retrograde Transport
What is the protein used to move substances during retrograde transport?
Dynein
The neuron that is transferring its action potential to the next neuron would be considered the?
Presynaptic neuron
The neuron that is binding to neurotransmitters from a previous action potential from a neuron would be considered the?
Postsynaptic neuron
What are the (2) types of glial cells that are found in the PNS?
Satellite cells, Schwann cells
What is the job of the satellite cells in the PNS?
Support cell bodies
What are the (2) jobs of the Schwann cells in the PNS?
Form myelin sheaths on one axon, secrete neurotrophic factors
What are the (4) types of glial cells found in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells
What is the job of the oligodendrocytes in the CNS?
Form myelin sheaths on multiple axons
What are the (4) jobs of the astrocytes in the CNS?
Support, formation of blood brain barrier, secrete neurotrophic factors, take up K+ and neurotransmitters
What is the job of the microglia in the CNS?
Act as scavengers as modified immune cells
What are the (3) jobs of the ependymal cells in the CNS?
Create barriers between compartments, provide neural stem cells, production and flow of CSF
What are the (5) main parts of a typical neuron?
Cell body, dendrites, initial segment, axon, axon terminal
What is the advantage of myelinated neurons?
Conduct action potentials more rapidly
Will a neuron with a larger axonal diameter conduct action potentials more rapidly or slowly?
More rapidly
What is the term for the tip of each developing axon?
Growth cone
What is the function and job of the growth cone?
Finding the correct route and final target for the neuron’s process
What is the substructure contained in the growth cone that facilitates migration of the axon to its final location?
Filopodia
What is a developing axon guided along when moving to its final location?
Surface of glial cells
What forms when the target of the advancing growth cone is reached?
Synapses
This concept, most prevalent in early development of the brain, explains how the brain has potential for remodeling in response to stimulation or injury.
Plasticity
In the formation of the brain, what type of cell is responsible for transporting differentiating stem cells of the brain to their particular zone in the growth cone?
Radioglia
What zone of the growth cone do radioglia cell bodies lie in?
Ventricular zone
What zone of the growth cone will the radioglia transport differentiated stem cells to?
Cortical zone
How many layers will the differentiated stem cells create in the cortical zone?
6
What is the order of the layers of the cortical zone that are created by differentiated stem cells formed in the growth cone?
6-1
What are the (6) mechanisms used for axon guidance for development?
Extracellular matrix adhesion, cell surface adhesion, fasciculation, chemoattraction, contact inhibition, chemorepulsion
How many differentiated stem cells perform apoptosis due to overproduction during development?
1/2 to 3/4
Where does nervous system damage need to be done in order for it to be able to repair itself?
Peripheral nervous system
