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NURS 155 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the guidelines for the patient interview.

A
  1. The nurse uses therapeutic communication
    techniques when conducting the interview.
  2. Don’t overuse professional jargon or language.
  3. Don’t use biased questions such as “you don’t
    use drugs do you?”
  4. Use positive non-verbal communication
    techniques.
  5. Be aware of how the patient is responding
    during interviewing.
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2
Q

What topics should you include in a health history?

A
  • biographical data
  • reason for seeking health care
  • patient expectations
  • present illness or health concerns
  • health history
  • family history
  • environmental history
  • psychosocial history
  • spiritual health
  • review of systems (ROS)
  • documentation of history findings
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3
Q

What are some methods of data collection for a patient history?

A
  • open-ended questions
  • back channeling or repeating
  • probing (getting more info)
  • closed-ended questions
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4
Q

Discuss the purposes of physical assessment

A

*Triage for emergency care
• Routine screening to promote wellness &
preventive healthcare measures
• Determine eligibility for health insurance
• For hospital or LTC admission

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5
Q

What are the different types of physical assessment?

A
  • Initial or Comprehensive assessment
  • Focused assessment
  • Interval assessment
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6
Q

what are the levels of consciousness?

A
  • alert, oriented x3
  • memory intact
  • uses logic and judgement
  • understands questions
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7
Q

what is the McCaffery definition of pain?

A 
“Pain is whatever the
experiencing person says it
is, existing whenever the
experiencing person says it
does.”
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8
Q

What are the characteristics of a pain assessment?

A
  • location
  • onset, duration
  • variations, rhythms
  • what relieves the pain
  • what increases the pain
  • manner of expressing pain
  • effects of pain
  • quality
  • intensity
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9
Q

What are the characteristics of pain? (PQRST)

A
  • P- Palliative factors/ Provocative factors
  • Q-Quality
  • R- Radiation/Region
  • S-Severity
  • T- Temporal factors
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10
Q

What is an important pain intensity question to ask?

A

–What is an acceptable level of

pain for you?

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11
Q

define health

A

“a state of complete physical, mental, & social well-being, not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity” (WHO, 1948)
• Individual variability
• A dynamic state of being in which the developmental and behavioral potential
is realized to the fullest extent possible (ANA, 1980)
• Not just the absence of illness

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12
Q

define health promotion

A

The process of equipping people to have control over, and to

improve physical, emotional, and social health.

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13
Q

what are internal variables influencing health?

A

Biological
Psychological
Cognitive
Spiritual

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14
Q

what are external variables influencing health?

A

Environment
Cultural beliefs
Standards of Living
Social support networks

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15
Q

what are the levelsof preventative care?

A
  • primary prevention
  • secondary prevention
  • tertiary prevention
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16
Q

activities that decrease the probability of illness or disease

A

primary prevention

17
Q

activities of early diagnosis and treatment

A

secondary prevention

18
Q

activities aimed at restoring the person to optimum functioning
through rehabilitation

A

tertiary prevention

19
Q

what are some examples for active strategies for health promotion?

A
  • weight reduction
  • smoking cessation
  • nutrition
  • exercise
20
Q

what are some examples for passive strategies for health promotion?

A
  • fortified milks and cereals
  • fluoride in drinking water
  • trans fat bans
  • GMO debates
21
Q

• Identify risk factors that could make an individual vulnerable to developing an acute or
chronic illness.

A

• Anything that can increase the vulnerability of an individual, family, or
community to develop an acute or chronic illness.
• Risk factors may or may not be controllable.
• Genetic – i.e. diabetes and heart disease
• Age – i.e. more children die from accidents, cancer risk increases with age
• Environment – air-water-earth
• Lifestyle – diet, alcohol, smoking, etc

22
Q

Explain the role of the nurse in health promotion.

A

• Understand your patient’s perception of health & wellness
• Acknowledge influences
• Identifying their areas of risk
• Identifying their stage of change and readiness to learn
• Identifying the topic with the highest need
• Areas addressed by the nurse in health promotion:
• nutrition
• physical fitness
• weight control
• avoidance of tobacco and alcohol
• avoidance of substance abuse
• enhancing holistic care
● An important role of the nurse is to be an advocate.

23
Q

Discuss examples of complementary alternative medicine (CAM).

A
  • Traditional Chinese medicine
  • Native American healing
  • Botanical Healing- herbals, aromatherapy, homeopathy
  • Nutritional Therapy
  • Healing with the hands-Chiropractic, massage, acupuncture
  • Mind-Body Therapies –Yoga, meditation, hypnotherapy, guided imagery
  • Biofeedback
  • Spiritual therapy
  • Music, pet therapy
24
Q

Discuss Healthy People 2020 and the health promotion goals for those in the United
States

A 
4 broad goals:
•Increase quality and years of healthy life
•Eliminate health disparities
•Create environments that promote health
•Promote healthy behaviors
25
Q

What is your General Survey?

A

• An observation or appraisal of the patient’s behavior and
presentation
• An overall review or first impression of the patient’s well being
• Generally a visual observation

26
Q

Identify patient care equipment and assistive

devices in the patient room.

A
  • IV pumps
  • Portable O2
  • O2 flow meters attached to wall
  • Call light
  • Beds, side rails
  • Bedside tables
  • Catheter drainage bag
  • SCD’s
  • Compression stockings
  • Wall suction
27
Q

What are some potential problems that you can come across during your survey?

A
  • IV
  • O2
  • Call light
  • Bed
  • bedside table
  • catheter drainage bag
  • chest tubes
  • SCD’s
  • nasogastric tubes
28
Q

What do you need to assess before taking vital signs?

A
  • Patient
  • Environment
  • Comfort level
  • Equipment needed to perform the skills
29
Q

What are the 5 Vital Signs?

A
  • Temperature
  • Pulse
  • Respirations
  • Blood pressure
  • Pain
30
Q

What are the advantages of using an oral thermometer?

A
  • easily accessible
  • comfortable for patient
  • reflects rapid change in core temp
31
Q

What are the disadvantage of using an oral thermometer?

A
  • causes delay in measurement
  • not for infants of small children
  • not for individuals who has oral surgery, trauma, or chills
  • risk of body fluid exposure
32
Q

what are the advantages of using a tympanic membrane?

A
  • easily accessible site
  • obtained without disturbing patient
  • sensitive to core temperature changes
  • used in newborns
  • not influenced by environment
33
Q

what are the disadvantages of using a tympanic membrane?

A
  • *requires removal of hearing aids
  • does not accurately measure core temperature
  • does not obtain continuous measurement
34
Q

what are the advantages of using a rectal thermometer?

A

*argued to be more reliable when oral temperature is difficult or impossible to obtain

35
Q

what are the disadvantages of using a rectal thermometer?

A
  • lags behind core temp during rapid temp changes
  • not for patients with diarrhea or rectal disorders
  • requires positioning and lubrication
36
Q

what are the advantages of using a skin thermometer?

A
  • inexpensive
  • provides continuous reading
  • safe and noninvasive

NURS 155 (2 decks)

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