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ISS 215 > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

social differentiation

A

classification of individuals into socially recognizable groups. classification may be natural or man-made (ex: gender)

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2
Q

social inequality

A

a system of ranking individuals in terms of their access to, and possession of, the things valued by society

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3
Q

hindu caste system

A
  1. brahmans- from mouth
  2. khashtriyas - from arms
  3. vaisyas - from thighs
  4. shundras - from feet
  5. harijans - outcastes
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4
Q

estate system

A
  1. nobility
  2. clergy
  3. peasants
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5
Q

social class system

A

wealth, education, occupation

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6
Q

dimension of social stratification in the US

A
  1. economic - occupation, income, welath
  2. status - personal prestige, association, socialization
  3. political
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7
Q

E Gilbert and Kahl Model

A
  • capitalist class: 1%
  • upper middle class: 14%
  • middle class:30%
  • working class: 30%
  • underclass: 10-12%
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8
Q

F Davis and Moore on social inequality- 1945

A
  • no society is classless
  • stratification is a functional necessity
  • certain positions are more important and require special talent, skills, and training
  • social systems develop mechanisms and provide means to assign occupational positions
  • motivation to succeed
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9
Q

structural functionalism

A

a framework that sees society as a complex system. it suggests that society is an integrated whole where both parts and whole are interdependent and functional

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10
Q

August Comte

A
  • society as organic whole
  • individuals are functional law of three states
    1. theological stage
    2. metaphysical stage
    3. scientific stage
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11
Q

Herbert Spencer

A
  • social ORGANICISM
  • social darwinism
  • increase in size leading to increase in complexity and differentiation
  • differentiation in structure leading to differentiation in function
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12
Q

Durkheim

A
  • social organism

- inter-relationships of parts and the whole

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13
Q

conflict perspective

A

theorist believe that society is a complex system characterized by inequality and conflict that generate social change

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14
Q

main features of conflict perspective

A
  1. various parts of social system do not fit together harmoniously
  2. social order through force
  3. competing goals of individuals leads to conflict
  4. limited resources lead to conflict
  5. conflict is the major source of real change in society
  6. conflict theorist try to analyze who benefits from particular social arrangements
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15
Q

capitalism

A
  • cooperation
  • manufacture
  • modern
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16
Q

forces of production

A
  • labor
  • means of production
  • the raw material
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17
Q

bourgeoisie

A

have

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18
Q

proletariat

A

have nots

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19
Q

alienation

A
  • from work
  • from the product: workers dont own what they produce
  • from other workers: workers and owners/management
  • self alienation
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20
Q

slavery - stratification system

A

illegal immigrants

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21
Q

social mobility

A

moving from one social class to another

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22
Q

individual mobility

A 
what type of people succeed: based on
birth
education
ethnicity
situational
luck
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23
Q

social stratification

A

ranking of individuals in terms of their access to and possession of valuable things

24
Q

in one my visits to india, i saw a vendor who was selling milk in the streets of Delhi, what was so unique about it

A

this guy wont touch the glass of milk touched by his customers

25
Q

a large number of untouchables in india changed their religion and became christians how did this conversion influence their status in india

A

they were still considered inferior in India

26
Q

which one of the following reasons was given by Davis and Moore to justify social inequality

A

all the above

27
Q

Davis and Moore theory on social inequality

A

functional significance is a cultural phenomenon, social stratification leads to status quo in society, social stratification leads to conflict

28
Q

according to functional perspective change is good, what type of change do they prefer?

A

change through evolution

29
Q

a number of east europe nations have negative growth of population. what is the functional point of view on that

A

not good, because societies may disappear

30
Q

which one of the following concepts was explained by our discussion on rise and fall of old civilization of egypt and rome

A

society is a living organism

31
Q

according to functional perspective which one of the following is very important for social integration and equillibrium in a society

A

legitimization of social, political, and economic structure

32
Q

durkheim said that society was a living organism, what does that mean?

A

society has life

33
Q

according to herbert spencer and many others structural functionalist, the individual who are competent, hardworking , and dedicated are the ones who succeed in a society

A

darwin concept of survival of the fittest

34
Q

based on august comte law of three stages of society, western european societies such as france and germany belong to

A

scientific stage

35
Q

which one of the following statement best reflects herbert spencers pov

A

increase in the size of society leads to both differentiation and complexity

36
Q

success as a result of hard work, discipline, and dedication is an example of

A

internal inequality

37
Q

max weber was a big proponent of bureaucracy which one of the following was one ofthe reasons given by him to support bureaucracyf

A

bureaucracy has cumulative knowledge, it is impersonal, it is hierarchical

38
Q

which one of the following statement best describe herbery spencers pov on the relationship of economic class and status

A

sometimes status depends on economic class and sometime it is independent of economic class

39
Q

pope

A

traditional authority

40
Q

which one of the following refers to societies based on organic solidarity

A

complex, individualist, and interdependent

41
Q

prior to arrivals of eurpeans immigrants, land in america was owned by native indias tribes not individuals. what type of capitalism was it

A

cooperative capitalism

42
Q

karl marx lists a number of things under forces of production. which one of the following is one of them

A

labor, raw material, money, machines, and infrastructure

43
Q

according to karl marx which one of the following societies was based on natural socialism

A

hunting and gathering societies

44
Q

what is karl marx pov of middle class

A

he believes that middle class is not an independent class and that it works for the welfare of the bourgeoisie

45
Q

what is marxist pov on religion

A

religion is used as opium by the bourgeoisie to exploit people

46
Q

which nations tend to have very high fertility

A

poor nations

47
Q

in which continent do you find a lareg number of nations with relatively very high life expectancy

A

europe

48
Q

which one of the following four nations has the high infant mortality rate

A

central africa republic

49
Q

in which one of the following four nations do women have the highest use contraceptives

A

norway

50
Q

in which content do you find a large number of nations with a very high GNIPPP

A

POOR NATION

51
Q

max webers theory of inequality focuses on which of the following dimensions

A

status, class, party

52
Q

karl marx and his theory on evolution of society. according to the author this evolution was a consequence of

A

change in the mode of production

53
Q

which country benefit the most from ww2

A

usa

54
Q

current us economy is predominantly

A

service economy

55
Q

at what time in the history was their a substantial expansion of the middle class

A

post ww2

ISS 215 (2 decks)

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