EXAM 1 Flashcards
social differentiation
classification of individuals into socially recognizable groups. classification may be natural or man-made (ex: gender)
social inequality
a system of ranking individuals in terms of their access to, and possession of, the things valued by society
hindu caste system
- brahmans- from mouth
- khashtriyas - from arms
- vaisyas - from thighs
- shundras - from feet
- harijans - outcastes
estate system
- nobility
- clergy
- peasants
social class system
wealth, education, occupation
dimension of social stratification in the US
- economic - occupation, income, welath
- status - personal prestige, association, socialization
- political
E Gilbert and Kahl Model
- capitalist class: 1%
- upper middle class: 14%
- middle class:30%
- working class: 30%
- underclass: 10-12%
F Davis and Moore on social inequality- 1945
- no society is classless
- stratification is a functional necessity
- certain positions are more important and require special talent, skills, and training
- social systems develop mechanisms and provide means to assign occupational positions
- motivation to succeed
structural functionalism
a framework that sees society as a complex system. it suggests that society is an integrated whole where both parts and whole are interdependent and functional
August Comte
- society as organic whole
- individuals are functional law of three states
1. theological stage
2. metaphysical stage
3. scientific stage
Herbert Spencer
- social ORGANICISM
- social darwinism
- increase in size leading to increase in complexity and differentiation
- differentiation in structure leading to differentiation in function
Durkheim
- social organism
- inter-relationships of parts and the whole
conflict perspective
theorist believe that society is a complex system characterized by inequality and conflict that generate social change
main features of conflict perspective
- various parts of social system do not fit together harmoniously
- social order through force
- competing goals of individuals leads to conflict
- limited resources lead to conflict
- conflict is the major source of real change in society
- conflict theorist try to analyze who benefits from particular social arrangements
capitalism
- cooperation
- manufacture
- modern
forces of production
- labor
- means of production
- the raw material
bourgeoisie
have
proletariat
have nots
alienation
- from work
- from the product: workers dont own what they produce
- from other workers: workers and owners/management
- self alienation
slavery - stratification system
illegal immigrants
social mobility
moving from one social class to another
individual mobility
what type of people succeed: based on birth education ethnicity situational luck
social stratification
ranking of individuals in terms of their access to and possession of valuable things
in one my visits to india, i saw a vendor who was selling milk in the streets of Delhi, what was so unique about it
this guy wont touch the glass of milk touched by his customers
a large number of untouchables in india changed their religion and became christians how did this conversion influence their status in india
they were still considered inferior in India
which one of the following reasons was given by Davis and Moore to justify social inequality
all the above
Davis and Moore theory on social inequality
functional significance is a cultural phenomenon, social stratification leads to status quo in society, social stratification leads to conflict
according to functional perspective change is good, what type of change do they prefer?
change through evolution
a number of east europe nations have negative growth of population. what is the functional point of view on that
not good, because societies may disappear
which one of the following concepts was explained by our discussion on rise and fall of old civilization of egypt and rome
society is a living organism
according to functional perspective which one of the following is very important for social integration and equillibrium in a society
legitimization of social, political, and economic structure
durkheim said that society was a living organism, what does that mean?
society has life
according to herbert spencer and many others structural functionalist, the individual who are competent, hardworking , and dedicated are the ones who succeed in a society
darwin concept of survival of the fittest
based on august comte law of three stages of society, western european societies such as france and germany belong to
scientific stage
which one of the following statement best reflects herbert spencers pov
increase in the size of society leads to both differentiation and complexity
success as a result of hard work, discipline, and dedication is an example of
internal inequality
max weber was a big proponent of bureaucracy which one of the following was one ofthe reasons given by him to support bureaucracyf
bureaucracy has cumulative knowledge, it is impersonal, it is hierarchical
which one of the following statement best describe herbery spencers pov on the relationship of economic class and status
sometimes status depends on economic class and sometime it is independent of economic class
pope
traditional authority
which one of the following refers to societies based on organic solidarity
complex, individualist, and interdependent
prior to arrivals of eurpeans immigrants, land in america was owned by native indias tribes not individuals. what type of capitalism was it
cooperative capitalism
karl marx lists a number of things under forces of production. which one of the following is one of them
labor, raw material, money, machines, and infrastructure
according to karl marx which one of the following societies was based on natural socialism
hunting and gathering societies
what is karl marx pov of middle class
he believes that middle class is not an independent class and that it works for the welfare of the bourgeoisie
what is marxist pov on religion
religion is used as opium by the bourgeoisie to exploit people
which nations tend to have very high fertility
poor nations
in which continent do you find a lareg number of nations with relatively very high life expectancy
europe
which one of the following four nations has the high infant mortality rate
central africa republic
in which one of the following four nations do women have the highest use contraceptives
norway
in which content do you find a large number of nations with a very high GNIPPP
POOR NATION
max webers theory of inequality focuses on which of the following dimensions
status, class, party
karl marx and his theory on evolution of society. according to the author this evolution was a consequence of
change in the mode of production
which country benefit the most from ww2
usa
current us economy is predominantly
service economy
at what time in the history was their a substantial expansion of the middle class
post ww2
