EXAM 1 Flashcards
1
Q
social differentiation
A
classification of individuals into socially recognizable groups. classification may be natural or man-made (ex: gender)
2
Q
social inequality
A
a system of ranking individuals in terms of their access to, and possession of, the things valued by society
3
Q
hindu caste system
A
- brahmans- from mouth
- khashtriyas - from arms
- vaisyas - from thighs
- shundras - from feet
- harijans - outcastes
4
Q
estate system
A
- nobility
- clergy
- peasants
5
Q
social class system
A
wealth, education, occupation
6
Q
dimension of social stratification in the US
A
- economic - occupation, income, welath
- status - personal prestige, association, socialization
- political
7
Q
E Gilbert and Kahl Model
A
- capitalist class: 1%
- upper middle class: 14%
- middle class:30%
- working class: 30%
- underclass: 10-12%
8
Q
F Davis and Moore on social inequality- 1945
A
- no society is classless
- stratification is a functional necessity
- certain positions are more important and require special talent, skills, and training
- social systems develop mechanisms and provide means to assign occupational positions
- motivation to succeed
9
Q
structural functionalism
A
a framework that sees society as a complex system. it suggests that society is an integrated whole where both parts and whole are interdependent and functional
10
Q
August Comte
A
- society as organic whole
- individuals are functional law of three states
1. theological stage
2. metaphysical stage
3. scientific stage
11
Q
Herbert Spencer
A
- social ORGANICISM
- social darwinism
- increase in size leading to increase in complexity and differentiation
- differentiation in structure leading to differentiation in function
12
Q
Durkheim
A
- social organism
- inter-relationships of parts and the whole
13
Q
conflict perspective
A
theorist believe that society is a complex system characterized by inequality and conflict that generate social change
14
Q
main features of conflict perspective
A
- various parts of social system do not fit together harmoniously
- social order through force
- competing goals of individuals leads to conflict
- limited resources lead to conflict
- conflict is the major source of real change in society
- conflict theorist try to analyze who benefits from particular social arrangements
15
Q
capitalism
A
- cooperation
- manufacture
- modern
16
Q
forces of production
A
- labor
- means of production
- the raw material
17
Q
bourgeoisie
A
have
18
Q
proletariat
A
have nots
19
Q
alienation
A
- from work
- from the product: workers dont own what they produce
- from other workers: workers and owners/management
- self alienation
20
Q
slavery - stratification system
A
illegal immigrants
21
Q
social mobility
A
moving from one social class to another
22
Q
individual mobility
A
what type of people succeed: based on birth education ethnicity situational luck
23
Q
social stratification
A
ranking of individuals in terms of their access to and possession of valuable things
24
Q
in one my visits to india, i saw a vendor who was selling milk in the streets of Delhi, what was so unique about it
A
this guy wont touch the glass of milk touched by his customers
25
a large number of untouchables in india changed their religion and became christians how did this conversion influence their status in india
they were still considered inferior in India
26
which one of the following reasons was given by Davis and Moore to justify social inequality
all the above
27
Davis and Moore theory on social inequality
functional significance is a cultural phenomenon, social stratification leads to status quo in society, social stratification leads to conflict
28
according to functional perspective change is good, what type of change do they prefer?
change through evolution
29
a number of east europe nations have negative growth of population. what is the functional point of view on that
not good, because societies may disappear
30
which one of the following concepts was explained by our discussion on rise and fall of old civilization of egypt and rome
society is a living organism
31
according to functional perspective which one of the following is very important for social integration and equillibrium in a society
legitimization of social, political, and economic structure
32
durkheim said that society was a living organism, what does that mean?
society has life
33
according to herbert spencer and many others structural functionalist, the individual who are competent, hardworking , and dedicated are the ones who succeed in a society
darwin concept of survival of the fittest
34
based on august comte law of three stages of society, western european societies such as france and germany belong to
scientific stage
35
which one of the following statement best reflects herbert spencers pov
increase in the size of society leads to both differentiation and complexity
36
success as a result of hard work, discipline, and dedication is an example of
internal inequality
37
max weber was a big proponent of bureaucracy which one of the following was one ofthe reasons given by him to support bureaucracyf
bureaucracy has cumulative knowledge, it is impersonal, it is hierarchical
38
which one of the following statement best describe herbery spencers pov on the relationship of economic class and status
sometimes status depends on economic class and sometime it is independent of economic class
39
pope
traditional authority
40
which one of the following refers to societies based on organic solidarity
complex, individualist, and interdependent
41
prior to arrivals of eurpeans immigrants, land in america was owned by native indias tribes not individuals. what type of capitalism was it
cooperative capitalism
42
karl marx lists a number of things under forces of production. which one of the following is one of them
labor, raw material, money, machines, and infrastructure
43
according to karl marx which one of the following societies was based on natural socialism
hunting and gathering societies
44
what is karl marx pov of middle class
he believes that middle class is not an independent class and that it works for the welfare of the bourgeoisie
45
what is marxist pov on religion
religion is used as opium by the bourgeoisie to exploit people
46
which nations tend to have very high fertility
poor nations
47
in which continent do you find a lareg number of nations with relatively very high life expectancy
europe
48
which one of the following four nations has the high infant mortality rate
central africa republic
49
in which one of the following four nations do women have the highest use contraceptives
norway
50
in which content do you find a large number of nations with a very high GNIPPP
POOR NATION
51
max webers theory of inequality focuses on which of the following dimensions
status, class, party
52
karl marx and his theory on evolution of society. according to the author this evolution was a consequence of
change in the mode of production
53
which country benefit the most from ww2
usa
54
current us economy is predominantly
service economy
55
at what time in the history was their a substantial expansion of the middle class
post ww2
